Visual perception of faces is a major component of the """"""""online"""""""" processing of social information required for successful interaction with other individuals. Research from cognitive, clinical, and neuroscience approaches suggests that elements of the visual system may be specialized for processing human faces. Of particular interest is the dissociation of face processing from other categories of object processing, and from other components of visual processing, such as motion, attention, and spatial perception. Neuroimaging techniques have the potential to reveal aspects of the underlying architecture and function of visual processing. By combining data from functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), magneto- and electroencephalography (MEG/EEG), and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), we will be able to better understand the pathophysiology of three neurodevelopmental disorders: autism, Williams syndrome and developmental prosopagnosia. We will explore the dissociations observed in these three groups in order to better understand the fundamental architecture of the parts of the visual system involved with social cognition. Autistic disorder (ASD) and Williams syndrome (WS) seemingly offer complementary patterns of impaired and spared visual function. ASD individuals are poor at social interactions, at facial expression recognition but can perform well on spatial tasks, such as block design. WS individuals are hyper social, perform at age-appropriate levels on the Benton face recognition task, but are severely impaired at block construction and other spatial tasks. Another group of patients, developmental prosopagnosics (DP), are severely impaired in face recognition but are otherwise normal in all other cognitive and social domains. Our research goal will be to characterize the neural system underlying the visual-spatial and communicative aspects of face and object recognition in these three subject populations. We will examine the behavioral profile of ASD, WS and DP, and characterize their cognitive phenotypes in the domain of face processing. We will also analyze the visual cortex organization, at low (retinotopy), and intermediate (hierarchical attention) levels using fMRI, and at high levels (facial and emotional processing), in spatial and temporal domains using MEG and fMRI. Finally, we will examine the architecture of the visual stream subserving facial perception (including the amygdala) using Diffusion Tensor Imaging, Diffusion Spectrum Imaging, and cortical thickness analysis.
These aims taken together should provide insight into the relation between behavioral performance and structural/functional characteristics. It should give us additional insight into the pathophysiology face perception disorders, and provide a basis for the development of remedial treatment for deficits in social communication.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
1R01NS044824-01
Application #
6555204
Study Section
Special Emphasis Panel (ZNS1-SRB-A (01))
Program Officer
Edwards, Emmeline
Project Start
2002-09-30
Project End
2005-06-30
Budget Start
2002-09-30
Budget End
2003-06-30
Support Year
1
Fiscal Year
2002
Total Cost
$412,294
Indirect Cost
Name
Massachusetts General Hospital
Department
Type
DUNS #
City
Boston
State
MA
Country
United States
Zip Code
02199
Meeren, Hanneke K M; Hadjikhani, Nouchine; Ahlfors, Seppo P et al. (2016) Early Preferential Responses to Fear Stimuli in Human Right Dorsal Visual Stream--A Meg Study. Sci Rep 6:24831
Meeren, Hanneke K M; de Gelder, Beatrice; Ahlfors, Seppo P et al. (2013) Different cortical dynamics in face and body perception: an MEG study. PLoS One 8:e71408
Hadjikhani, Nouchine; Kveraga, Kestutis; Naik, Paulami et al. (2009) Early (M170) activation of face-specific cortex by face-like objects. Neuroreport 20:403-7
Hadjikhani, Nouchine; Joseph, Robert M; Manoach, Dara S et al. (2009) Body expressions of emotion do not trigger fear contagion in autism spectrum disorder. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 4:70-8
Meeren, Hanneke K M; Hadjikhani, Nouchine; Ahlfors, Seppo P et al. (2008) Early category-specific cortical activation revealed by visual stimulus inversion. PLoS One 3:e3503
Hadjikhani, Nouchine; Hoge, Rick; Snyder, Josh et al. (2008) Pointing with the eyes: the role of gaze in communicating danger. Brain Cogn 68:1-8
Hadjikhani, Nouchine; Joseph, Robert M; Snyder, Josh et al. (2007) Abnormal activation of the social brain during face perception in autism. Hum Brain Mapp 28:441-9
Hadjikhani, Nouchine; Joseph, Robert M; Snyder, Josh et al. (2006) Anatomical differences in the mirror neuron system and social cognition network in autism. Cereb Cortex 16:1276-82
de Gelder, Beatrice; Hadjikhani, Nouchine (2006) Non-conscious recognition of emotional body language. Neuroreport 17:583-6
Hadjikhani, Nouchine; Chabris, Christopher F; Joseph, Robert M et al. (2004) Early visual cortex organization in autism: an fMRI study. Neuroreport 15:267-70

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