Graziano et al. (2002a) recently demonstrated that applying repetitive intracranial microstimulation (RL-ICMS) to cortical motor areas for long durations (500 ms), matching the duration of normal movements, produces natural appearing arm movements ending with the hand positioned in different parts of extrapersonal space, depending on the cortical subregion stimulated. Three subregions were identified as producing movements with different characteristics. RL-ICMS of primary motor cortex (M1) evoked movements ending with the hand positioned in central space immediately in front of the monkey's chest and the formation of various postures of the digits appropriate for object manipulation. It was also reported that the pattern of EMG activity from stimulation was arm posture dependent and could switch from excitation to inhibition depending on initial posture. These findings were viewed as consistent with the hand reaching the same final position independent of the initial starting position. More recently, Graziano et al. (2004), reported that stimulus evoked output effects were also highly joint angle dependent. These results are remarkable and suggest a novel view of frontal lobe motor function. RL-ICMS was viewed as engaging functional neural substrates for natural, purposeful movements. In this application we will use stimulus triggered averaging of EMG and focus on M1 cortex to investigate some of the findings from RL-ICMS and to test possible alternative explanations for the findings observed.
Four specific aims are proposed to rigorously test: 1) the extent to which EMG responses are limb posture and joint angle dependent, 2) the possibility that natural appearing responses observed with RL-ICMS can be explained by sustained, tonic coactivation of a particular set of muscles at each joint that simply achieve a final equilibrium position, and 3) the extent to which muscles activated with RL-ICMS can be explained based on detailed knowledge of M1 muscle maps and the pattern of spread of excitation through these muscle representations associated with ICMS. ? ?

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
1R01NS051825-01
Application #
6924254
Study Section
Sensorimotor Integration Study Section (SMI)
Program Officer
Chen, Daofen
Project Start
2005-04-15
Project End
2009-03-31
Budget Start
2005-04-15
Budget End
2006-03-31
Support Year
1
Fiscal Year
2005
Total Cost
$339,938
Indirect Cost
Name
University of Kansas
Department
Physiology
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
016060860
City
Kansas City
State
KS
Country
United States
Zip Code
66160
Amundsen Huffmaster, Sommer L; Van Acker 3rd, Gustaf M; Luchies, Carl W et al. (2018) Muscle Synergies Obtained from Comprehensive Mapping of the Cortical Forelimb Representation Using Stimulus Triggered Averaging of EMG Activity. J Neurosci 38:8759-8771
Van Acker 3rd, Gustaf M; Amundsen, Sommer L; Messamore, William G et al. (2014) Equilibrium-based movement endpoints elicited from primary motor cortex using repetitive microstimulation. J Neurosci 34:15722-34
Griffin, Darcy M; Hudson, Heather M; Belhaj-Saïf, Abderraouf et al. (2014) EMG activation patterns associated with high frequency, long-duration intracortical microstimulation of primary motor cortex. J Neurosci 34:1647-56
Van Acker 3rd, Gustaf M; Amundsen, Sommer L; Messamore, William G et al. (2013) Effective intracortical microstimulation parameters applied to primary motor cortex for evoking forelimb movements to stable spatial end points. J Neurophysiol 110:1180-9
Cheney, P D; Griffin, D M; Van Acker 3rd, G M (2013) Neural hijacking: action of high-frequency electrical stimulation on cortical circuits. Neuroscientist 19:434-41
Griffin, Darcy M; Hudson, Heather M; Belhaj-Saif, Abderraouf et al. (2011) Hijacking cortical motor output with repetitive microstimulation. J Neurosci 31:13088-96
Hudson, Heather M; Griffin, Darcy M; Belhaj-Saif, Abderraouf et al. (2010) Methods for chronic recording of EMG activity from large numbers of hindlimb muscles in awake rhesus macaques. J Neurosci Methods 189:153-61
Boudrias, Marie-Helene; McPherson, Rebecca L; Frost, Shawn B et al. (2010) Output properties and organization of the forelimb representation of motor areas on the lateral aspect of the hemisphere in rhesus macaques. Cereb Cortex 20:169-86
Boudrias, Marie-Helene; Lee, Sang-Pil; Svojanovsky, Stan et al. (2010) Forelimb muscle representations and output properties of motor areas in the mesial wall of rhesus macaques. Cereb Cortex 20:704-19
Griffin, Darcy M; Hudson, Heather M; Belhaj-Saïf, Abderraouf et al. (2009) Stability of output effects from motor cortex to forelimb muscles in primates. J Neurosci 29:1915-27

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