Approximately 30% of people with epilepsy do not achieve adequate seizure control with current anti-seizure drugs (ASDs). This medically refractory population has severe seizure phenotypes and is at greatest risk of sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP). Therefore, there is an urgent need for detailed studies identifying new therapeutic targets with potential disease-modifying outcomes. Studies indicate that the refractory epileptic brain is chronically inflamed with persistent mitochondrial dysfunction. Recent evidence supports the hypothesis that both factors can increase the excitability of epileptic networks and exacerbate seizure frequency and severity in a pathological cycle. Thus, effective disease-modifying interventions will most likely interrupt this loop. The nuclear transcription factor peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARy) regulates genes in anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and mitochondrial pathways. Preliminary experiments in chronically epileptic mice indicate impressive anti-seizure efficacy. We hypothesize that (i) activation of brain PPARy in epileptic animals will have disease modifying effects that provide long-term benefits, and (ii) determining PPARy mechanisms will reveal additional therapeutic targets. Using a mouse model of developmental epilepsy, we propose to (1) elucidate the cellular, synaptic and network mechanisms by which PPARy activation restores normal excitability; (2) demonstrate the significant contribution of mitochondrial health in pathologic synaptic activity in epileptic brain; (3) demonstrate inflammatory regulation of PPARy in epileptic brain; and (4) determine whether PPARy activation extends the lifespan of severely epileptic animals. The proposed studies, spanning in vivo and in vitro systems using a combination of techniques in molecular biology, electrophysiology, microscopy, bioenergetics and pharmacology, will provide insight into the interplay of seizures, mitochondria, inflammation and homeostatic mechanisms. The results will have tremendous, immediate translational potential because PPARy agonists are currently used for clinical treatment of Type II Diabetes. PPARy is under investigation as treatment for a wide variety of other neurological diseases with cell death and inflammation as common denominators; therefore, the results of this proposal will have a broad impact.

Public Health Relevance

Approximately 30% of people with epilepsy do not achieve adequate seizure control with current anti-seizure drugs (ASDs). This medically refractory population has severe seizure phenotypes and is at greatest risk of sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP). Therefore, there is an urgent need for detailed studies identifying new therapeutic targets with potential disease- modifying outcomes.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01NS085389-04
Application #
9293381
Study Section
Clinical Neuroplasticity and Neurotransmitters Study Section (CNNT)
Program Officer
Whittemore, Vicky R
Project Start
2014-09-30
Project End
2019-06-30
Budget Start
2017-07-01
Budget End
2018-06-30
Support Year
4
Fiscal Year
2017
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
Creighton University
Department
Pharmacology
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
053309332
City
Omaha
State
NE
Country
United States
Zip Code
68178
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Knowles, Sara; Budney, Sarah; Deodhar, Malavika et al. (2018) Ketogenic diet regulates the antioxidant catalase via the transcription factor PPAR?2. Epilepsy Res 147:71-74
Warren, Ted J; Simeone, Timothy A; Smith, D David et al. (2018) Adenosine has two faces: Regionally dichotomous adenosine tone in a model of epilepsy with comorbid sleep disorders. Neurobiol Dis 114:45-52
Simeone, Kristina A; Hallgren, Jodi; Bockman, Charles S et al. (2018) Respiratory dysfunction progresses with age in Kcna1-null mice, a model of sudden unexpected death in epilepsy. Epilepsia 59:345-357
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Simeone, Timothy A; Matthews, Stephanie A; Samson, Kaeli K et al. (2017) Regulation of brain PPARgamma2 contributes to ketogenic diet anti-seizure efficacy. Exp Neurol 287:54-64
Simeone, Timothy A; Simeone, Kristina A; Rho, Jong M (2017) Ketone Bodies as Anti-Seizure Agents. Neurochem Res 42:2011-2018
Simeone, Timothy A; Matthews, Stephanie A; Simeone, Kristina A (2017) Synergistic protection against acute flurothyl-induced seizures by adjuvant treatment of the ketogenic diet with the type 2 diabetes drug pioglitazone. Epilepsia 58:1440-1450
Simeone, Kristina A; Matthews, Stephanie A; Rho, Jong M et al. (2016) Ketogenic diet treatment increases longevity in Kcna1-null mice, a model of sudden unexpected death in epilepsy. Epilepsia 57:e178-82