Background and Aims: High self-esteem is associated with many positive outcomes, including occupational success, healthy relationships, subjective well-being, and academic achievement. Conversely, low self-esteem has been linked to a number of societal problems, including depressive symptoms, poor health, and antisocial behavior. Given its importance, we know relatively little about the development of self-esteem during adulthood and old age, about the factors that promote self-esteem at different stages of the lifespan, or about the long-term consequences of self-esteem for important life outcomes.
Aims of the proposed project include: (1) to document age differences in self-esteem across the entire adult lifespan, (2) to test hypotheses about the effects of work, relationship, and health experiences on intra-individual changes in self-esteem, and (3) to examine the reciprocal influence of self-esteem on changes in work, relationship, and health experiences. Methods: The proposed research will use data from the Americans' Changing Lives (ACL) study, a national 3-wave panel study that uses a cohort-sequential design in which individuals aged 25 to 96 were followed longitudinally for eight years (N = 3,617; N = 2,867; N = 2,562). The ACL dataset provides a unique opportunity to delineate the normative trajectory of self-esteem from early adulthood to old age and to examine reciprocal relations between self-esteem and important life experiences. The cohort-sequential design allows us to test whether age-related changes in self-esteem and the antecedents and consequences of self-esteem generalize across multiple age cohorts. Hypotheses will be tested using structural equation modeling with latent growth curves. Significance: The findings will help establish when in the lifespan normative change in self-esteem occurs, provide new knowledge about the conditions under which self-esteem changes, and identify factors that promote healthy self-esteem development. Moreover, the proposed research will test competing hypotheses about the positive and negative consequences of self-esteem and help reconcile conflicting theoretical views about whether self-esteem is a cause or consequence (or both) of important social problems. Finally, by examining patterns of results across developmental periods and across three life domains, we will use the findings to develop an overarching theory of the life course trajectory of self-esteem.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute on Aging (NIA)
Type
Small Research Grants (R03)
Project #
5R03AG022057-02
Application #
6805033
Study Section
Special Emphasis Panel (ZRG1-RPHB-4 (01))
Program Officer
Nielsen, Lisbeth
Project Start
2003-09-30
Project End
2006-08-31
Budget Start
2004-09-30
Budget End
2006-08-31
Support Year
2
Fiscal Year
2004
Total Cost
$71,907
Indirect Cost
Name
University of California Davis
Department
Psychology
Type
Schools of Arts and Sciences
DUNS #
047120084
City
Davis
State
CA
Country
United States
Zip Code
95618
Orth, Ulrich; Trzesniewski, Kali H; Robins, Richard W (2010) Self-esteem development from young adulthood to old age: a cohort-sequential longitudinal study. J Pers Soc Psychol 98:645-58
Orth, Ulrich; Robins, Richard W; Trzesniewski, Kali H et al. (2009) Low self-esteem is a risk factor for depressive symptoms from young adulthood to old age. J Abnorm Psychol 118:472-8
Orth, Ulrich; Robins, Richard W; Meier, Laurenz L (2009) Disentangling the effects of low self-esteem and stressful events on depression: findings from three longitudinal studies. J Pers Soc Psychol 97:307-21
Orth, Ulrich; Robins, Richard W; Roberts, Brent W (2008) Low self-esteem prospectively predicts depression in adolescence and young adulthood. J Pers Soc Psychol 95:695-708
Tracy, Jessica L; Robins, Richard W (2008) The nonverbal expression of pride: evidence for cross-cultural recognition. J Pers Soc Psychol 94:516-30
Tracy, Jessica L; Robins, Richard W (2007) The prototypical pride expression: development of a nonverbal behavior coding system. Emotion 7:789-801
Tracy, Jessica L; Robins, Richard W (2007) The psychological structure of pride: a tale of two facets. J Pers Soc Psychol 92:506-25
Noftle, Erik E; Robins, Richard W (2007) Personality predictors of academic outcomes: big five correlates of GPA and SAT scores. J Pers Soc Psychol 93:116-30
Trzesniewski, Kali H; Donnellan, M Brent; Moffitt, Terrie E et al. (2006) Low self-esteem during adolescence predicts poor health, criminal behavior, and limited economic prospects during adulthood. Dev Psychol 42:381-90
Donnellan, M Brent; Trzesniewski, Kali H; Robins, Richard W et al. (2005) Low self-esteem is related to aggression, antisocial behavior, and delinquency. Psychol Sci 16:328-35

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