Maternal exposure to concentrations of inorganic arsenic (iAs) in excess of 10 parts per billion (ppb) has been identified as a risk factor for clinically recognized spontaneous pregnancy loss in several epidemiologic studies. The majority of the studies reported to date assessed persons residing in regions well-known for substantial levels of groundwater iAs contamination. A far larger global population, likely to include tens of millions of U.S. residents, are exposed to mild-moderate iAs concentrations via drinking water contamination;those less than 10 ppb iAs. Although limited, human, animal and in vitro studies suggest an increased risk for spontaneous pregnancy loss in association with exposure to mild-moderate drinking water iAs concentrations. To date, only one study, conducted from 1976-1978, targeted a population with drinking water iAs exposures less than 10 ppb, and detected a 50% increased risk for spontaneous loss of a clinically recognized pregnancy. Given the high baseline risk for the spontaneous loss of clinically recognized pregnancies among humans (i.e., 12-24%), and the widespread distribution of exposure to drinking water with mild-moderate iAs contamination even a modest increase in risk would incur a substantial number of attributable events. We propose a preliminary evaluation of associations between drinking water iAs exposure and the spontaneous loss of clinically recognized pregnancies of less than 20 weeks completed gestation, and to assess the feasibility of participant recruitment and data collection strategies at a large urban medical center in western Romania. This area of Romania is well-known for mild-moderate iAs contamination of drinking water sources providing a wide range of exposures below 10 ppb. Moreover, prenatal care is compulsory and government funded in Romania facilitating nearly complete ascertainment of the proposed study population comprised of newly pregnant women 18-44 years of age. We will employ a case-control study design with incidence density sampling of 150 cases and 150 controls matched by gestational age (1:1). Individual historical drinking water exposure data collected by nurse-administered questionnaire, augmented by laboratory iAs measures in reported drinking water sources will be used to assign exposure across critical windows for reproduction. We hypothesize that exposures to greater amounts of iAs through the consumption of drinking water at home and at the workplace, prior to and during gestation, will increase the risk for spontaneous pregnancy loss. Our proposed study will provide preliminary data to permit and evaluation of the best approach for a larger multi- site confirmatory study to address this critical data gap concerning low-moderate drinking water iAs contamination and spontaneous pregnancy loss. These data are vital for the protection of expectant mothers and their embryos and fetuses from a possibly lethal and widespread risk factor for loss.

Public Health Relevance

This study will comprise a preliminary assessment of associations between the consumption of drinking water with low-moderate concentrations of inorganic arsenic (i.e., <10 parts per billion, ppb), naturally present in ground drinking water sources, and the spontaneous loss of clinically recognized pregnancies of less than 20 weeks completed gestation. In the United States and worldwide millions of women of reproductive age are exposed to low-moderate concentrations of arsenic in drinking water and remediation technologies are costly. Although substantial evidence suggests that exposure to levels of inorganic arsenic in drinking water >10 ppb increases the risk for a spontaneous pregnancy loss, very little research has been conducted concerning the low-moderate levels of inorganic arsenic to which a far greater number of people are exposed.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS)
Type
Small Research Grants (R03)
Project #
1R03ES020446-01
Application #
8176413
Study Section
Infectious Diseases, Reproductive Health, Asthma and Pulmonary Conditions Study Section (IRAP)
Program Officer
Gray, Kimberly A
Project Start
2011-08-29
Project End
2013-07-31
Budget Start
2011-08-29
Budget End
2012-07-31
Support Year
1
Fiscal Year
2011
Total Cost
$78,006
Indirect Cost
Name
State University of New York at Albany
Department
Public Health & Prev Medicine
Type
Schools of Public Health
DUNS #
152652822
City
Albany
State
NY
Country
United States
Zip Code
12222
Susko, Michele L; Bloom, Michael S; Neamtiu, Iulia A et al. (2017) Low-level arsenic exposure via drinking water consumption and female fecundity - A preliminary investigation. Environ Res 154:120-125
Bloom, Michael S; Neamtiu, Iulia A; Surdu, Simona et al. (2016) Low level arsenic contaminated water consumption and birth outcomes in Romania-An exploratory study. Reprod Toxicol 59:8-16
Surdu, Simona; Bloom, Michael S; Neamtiu, Iulia A et al. (2015) Consumption of arsenic-contaminated drinking water and anemia among pregnant and non-pregnant women in northwestern Romania. Environ Res 140:657-60
Butts, Celeste D; Bloom, Michael S; Neamtiu, Iulia A et al. (2015) A pilot study of low-moderate drinking water arsenic contamination and chronic diseases among reproductive age women in Timi? County, Romania. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 40:1001-4
Neamtiu, Iulia; Bloom, Michael S; Gati, Gabriel et al. (2015) Pregnant women in Timis County, Romania are exposed primarily to low-level (<10?g/l) arsenic through residential drinking water consumption. Int J Hyg Environ Health 218:371-9
Bloom, Michael S; Surdu, Simona; Neamtiu, Iulia A et al. (2014) Maternal arsenic exposure and birth outcomes: a comprehensive review of the epidemiologic literature focused on drinking water. Int J Hyg Environ Health 217:709-19
Bloom, Michael S; Neamtiu, Iulia A; Surdu, Simona et al. (2014) Consumption of low-moderate level arsenic contaminated water does not increase spontaneous pregnancy loss: a case control study. Environ Health 13:81