Complete X-linked congenital stationary night blindness (CSNB1) is a hereditary disease caused by a block in synaptic transmission in the retina between photoreceptors and ON-bipolar cells (ON-BPCs). Photoreceptors release the neurotransmitter, glutamate, in darkness, and reduce the rate of release in response to light. ON-BPCs respond to glutamate via the mGluR6 metabotropic glutamate receptor. Binding of glutamate by mGluR6 leads to the closure of a cation channel and hyperpolarization of the ON-BPC. The role of mGluR6 in transducing the action of glutamate in the ON-BPC dendrites is central to vertebrate vision, yet the steps in the mGluR6 signaling pathway are poorly understood, and the molecular identity of the ON-BPC cation channel is unknown. The human gene responsible for CSNB1, NYX, encodes a novel protein, nyctalopin, belonging to the family of leucine rich repeat (LRR) proteins. A mouse mutant, nob (no b-wave) has a similar phenotype to CSNB1 and a deletion in the nyx gene. Expression of mGluR6 appears normal in the nob mice, however their ON-BPCs fail to respond to exogenously applied glutamate, implicating nyctalopin in the mGluR6 signaling pathway. Although essential for the ON-BPC light response, the cellular function of nyctalopin is not known. Related LRR proteins in the nervous system have been implicated in neurite outgrowth and synapse formation, where they bind other proteins through their LRR domains including soluble ligands, receptors, and G proteins. We propose that nyctalopin is found at the photoreceptor to ON-BPC synapse where it interacts with components of the mGluR6 signaling pathway. To test this hypothesis, we will determine the localization of nyctalopin in the retina by immunofluorescence microscopy and immuno-electron microscopy using antibodies directed against a unique nyctalopin peptide. We will identify proteins interacting with nyctalopin by immunoprecipitation and yeast two-hybrid screening. These results will provide insight into the role of nyctalopin in synaptic transmission between photoreceptors and ON-BPCs in the retina, and may lead to the identification of other components of the ON-BPC pathway. ? ? ?

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Eye Institute (NEI)
Type
Small Research Grants (R03)
Project #
1R03EY016078-01A1
Application #
6970331
Study Section
Special Emphasis Panel (ZRG1-CB-G (90))
Program Officer
Mariani, Andrew P
Project Start
2005-09-01
Project End
2007-07-31
Budget Start
2005-09-01
Budget End
2006-07-31
Support Year
1
Fiscal Year
2005
Total Cost
$76,250
Indirect Cost
Name
Oregon Health and Science University
Department
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
096997515
City
Portland
State
OR
Country
United States
Zip Code
97239
Morgans, Catherine W; Weiwei Liu; Wensel, Theodore G et al. (2007) Gbeta5-RGS complexes co-localize with mGluR6 in retinal ON-bipolar cells. Eur J Neurosci 26:2899-905