Uganda is the only country in Africa where both forms of the Human African Trypanosomiasis (HAT) disease exist;chronic gambiense disease in the northwest and acute rhodesiense disease in the southeast. Recent expansions of HAT from the traditional foci in the southeast to new territories in central Uganda, which previously were disease-free, have recently been reported. Possible merger of the two disease belts in central Uganda would create a major public health crisis given the differences in diagnostics and treatment associated with the two forms of disease. This FIRCA will investigate the factors contributing to the recent expansion of disease foci in central Uganda so that effective control methods can be implemented. The proposed studies build on the findings of the Parent Grant (NIAID R01Al068932), which addresses the molecular ecology and evolutionary genetics aspect of Glossina f. fuscipes (Gff) in the rhodesiense and gambiense foci in Uganda, respectively. Parent grant results have shown that tsetse populations in the gambiense foci in the northwest are genetically highly differentiated from the rhodesiense foci in the SE. Here we will investigate whether Gff flies expanding from southeast areas, where historical HAT foci exist, transmit rhodesiense disease now emerging in central Uganda. In addition, we will investigate whether the presence of a second vector species, Glossina pallidipes, may be fueling the maintenance of rhodesiense epidemics by enhancing the animal reservoirs of HAT. Results from this investigation will immediately be relevant for the ongoing vector control program in Uganda. This proposal will also result in significant capacity building both in theory and experimental methods on HAT epidemiology at National Livestock Resources Institute in Tororo Uganda, where the majority of the work will be performed.

Public Health Relevance

Human sleeping sickness transmitted by tsetse is a fatal disease in sub-Sahara;HAT has reemerged in south-eastern Uganda since late 1980s. Expansion of disease into new foci in previously disease free areas of central Uganda is alarming. Studies proposed here will investigate HAT emergence and specifically will focus on fly movements and tsetse species distribution as potential factors to understand disease epidemiology in Uganda.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
Fogarty International Center (FIC)
Type
Small Research Grants (R03)
Project #
5R03TW008755-03
Application #
8474857
Study Section
International and Cooperative Projects - 1 Study Section (ICP1)
Program Officer
Sina, Barbara J
Project Start
2011-06-07
Project End
2014-05-31
Budget Start
2013-06-01
Budget End
2014-05-31
Support Year
3
Fiscal Year
2013
Total Cost
$53,156
Indirect Cost
$3,423
Name
Yale University
Department
Public Health & Prev Medicine
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
043207562
City
New Haven
State
CT
Country
United States
Zip Code
06520
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