The objective of this proposal is to begin addressing the role of protein Ser/Thr/Tyr phosphorylation in regulating chlamydial physiology and pathogenesis through initial elucidation of the protein kinase/phosphatase networks. Protein Ser/Thr/Tyr phosphorylation is increasingly recognized as a widely- employed mechanism for regulating bacterial processes crucial for growth and survival (and therefore pathogenesis) via reversible alteration of protein function. Chlamydia spp. undergo a unique biphasic developmental cycle transitioning between the environmentally stable EB and the replicative, intracellular RB that would appear to require extensive regulation of protein synthesis and function. Perplexingly, <5% of their genomes are reserved for canonical transcriptional regulators. Furthermore, early differentiation of EBs into RBs occurs under conditions where DNA is occluded by histone-like proteins and only low levels of RNA are present. These biological """"""""problems"""""""" suggest the use of non-classical solutions for regulating pathway functionality in Chlamydia spp. Consequently, we hypothesize that Chlamydia spp. utilize global protein phosphorylation as a mechanism to respond to stressors and regulate differentiation. Consistent with this hypothesis, mapping of the EB/RB phosphoproteomes of C. caviae using 2D gel electrophoresis, phosphoprotein staining, and MALDI-TOF-TOF analysis identified 42 stage-specific phosphorylated proteins in EBs and RBs (98% were pan-chlamydial proteins). In addition, 1D gel electrophoresis phosphoprotein staining analysis of Chlamydia spp. further supports the presence of abundant levels of phosphoproteins across Chlamydia. The work proposed in this R15 study will further address our hypothesis using a systematic, bottom-up approach that focuses on building and validating kinase/substrate and phosphatase/substrate interactomes focusing on Chlamydia trachomatis.
In Aim 1, we will delineate the Pkn1 and PknD kinase/substrate network using multiple methods to detect protein-protein interactions. Partnering will be confirmed using in vitro kinase assays and phosphorylation sites also will be determined for select substrates. We will seek to validate the functionality of CTL0511, a predicted protein phosphatase, in Aim 2. CTL0511 substrates will then be identified using in vitro phosphatase assays and various protein-protein interaction methods. Finally, in Aim 3, we will further define the interacting partners comprising the phosphorylation- regulated chlamydial Partner Switching Mechanism. Collectively, these studies will fill a gap in our understanding of chlamydial development, provide future research directions, identify novel targets for therapeutics and anti-infectives, and illuminate the broader consequences of protein phosphorylation on bacterial physiology and pathogenicity.

Public Health Relevance

The Chlamydia are a group of bacterial pathogens responsible for a variety of infections in humans including pneumonia, trachoma, and sexually transmitted infections (of which over 1.4 million cases were reported in 2011 in the United States). Understanding the mechanisms controlling the growth and development of these important pathogens is critical for the development of strategies to prevent and treat infections. Our proposal will specifically study the role that protein phosphorylation (a modification used to alter protein function) plays in the physiology and virulence of Chlamydia trachomatis.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
Type
Academic Research Enhancement Awards (AREA) (R15)
Project #
1R15AI109566-01A1
Application #
8771143
Study Section
Special Emphasis Panel (ZRG1-IDM-S (81))
Program Officer
Hiltke, Thomas J
Project Start
2014-08-01
Project End
2017-07-31
Budget Start
2014-08-01
Budget End
2017-07-31
Support Year
1
Fiscal Year
2014
Total Cost
$417,475
Indirect Cost
$117,475
Name
Southern Illinois University Carbondale
Department
Microbiology/Immun/Virology
Type
Schools of Arts and Sciences
DUNS #
939007555
City
Carbondale
State
IL
Country
United States
Zip Code
62901
Claywell, Ja E; Matschke, Lea M; Plunkett, Kyle N et al. (2018) Inhibition of the Protein Phosphatase CppA Alters Development of Chlamydia trachomatis. J Bacteriol 200:
Key, Charlotte E; Fisher, Derek J (2017) Use of Group II Intron Technology for Targeted Mutagenesis in Chlamydia trachomatis. Methods Mol Biol 1498:163-177
Claywell, Ja E; Fisher, Derek J (2016) CTL0511 from Chlamydia trachomatis Is a Type 2C Protein Phosphatase with Broad Substrate Specificity. J Bacteriol 198:1827-1836
Claywell, Ja E; Matschke, Lea M; Fisher, Derek J (2016) The Impact of Protein Phosphorylation on Chlamydial Physiology. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 6:197
Hooppaw, Anna J; Fisher, Derek J (2015) A Coming of Age Story: Chlamydia in the Post-Genetic Era. Infect Immun 84:612-21
Thompson, Christopher C; Griffiths, Cherry; Nicod, Sophie S et al. (2015) The Rsb Phosphoregulatory Network Controls Availability of the Primary Sigma Factor in Chlamydia trachomatis and Influences the Kinetics of Growth and Development. PLoS Pathog 11:e1005125
Fisher, Derek J; Adams, Nancy E; Maurelli, Anthony T (2015) Phosphoproteomic analysis of the Chlamydia caviae elementary body and reticulate body forms. Microbiology 161:1648-58
Lowden, Nicole M; Yeruva, Laxmi; Johnson, Cayla M et al. (2015) Use of aminoglycoside 3' adenyltransferase as a selection marker for Chlamydia trachomatis intron-mutagenesis and in vivo intron stability. BMC Res Notes 8:570