The purpose of the proposed study is to examine the effects of alcohol consumption on (1) individuals' preventive and risk behaviors associated with contracting HIV, (2) the probability of HIV positive individuals being prescribed HIV medications and adherence to such medication, (3) health status, and (4) health care utilization and costs, including barriers to accessing health care and insurance coverage. These relationships will be analyzed using four databases: the HIV Cost and Services Utilization Study (HCSUS), Coping with HIV/AIDS in the Southeast (CHASE), the National Health Interview Surveys (NHIS) with linked mortality data, and the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS). Alcohol impairs individuals' ability to think rationally, may increase risk behaviors such as unprotected sex or IV drug use, and may decrease prevention efforts such as testing for HIV. These relationships will be analyzed using NHIS, HCSUS, and CHASE. Alcohol alters the effectiveness of HIV medications in reducing the viral load. Physicians may avoid prescribing HIV medications to alcoholics for fear of the HIV virus developing drug resistance due to inadequate adherence to prescribed drug regimens. These relationships will be analyzed using HCSUS and CHASE. Alcohol weakens an individual's immune system and coping abilities, especially in HIV infected persons. The effect of alcohol on self-reported health and functioning, co-infections, and clinical markers such as CD4 count and viral load will be studied using HCSUS and CHASE. Heavy alcohol consumption reduces an individual's likelihood of being employed and having private insurance, and increases the likelihood of being on Medicaid or uninsured. Thus, alcoholic HIV infected persons are more likely to face problems in accessing adequate medical care. The relationship between alcohol, insurance coverage, health care utilization and costs will be studied using HCSUS, CHASE, MEPS and NHIS. The proposed analyses will greatly improve our knowledge of causal pathways due to the use of longitudinal data from multiple sources; provide estimates of cost associated with heavy alcohol consumption in HIV positive individuals; allow for national estimates for the U.S. population and for HIV positive adults; provide current estimates of the associations for the Deep South; and allow for an evaluation of changes in the relationships over time as our data span much of the time period since the beginning of the HIV epidemic.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA)
Type
Exploratory/Developmental Grants (R21)
Project #
5R21AA015052-02
Application #
7037633
Study Section
Behavioral and Social Consequences of HIV/AIDS Study Section (BSCH)
Program Officer
Bryant, Kendall
Project Start
2005-04-01
Project End
2008-03-31
Budget Start
2006-04-01
Budget End
2008-03-31
Support Year
2
Fiscal Year
2006
Total Cost
$199,734
Indirect Cost
Name
Duke University
Department
Administration
Type
Schools of Arts and Sciences
DUNS #
044387793
City
Durham
State
NC
Country
United States
Zip Code
27705
Pence, Brian Wells; Thielman, Nathan M; Whetten, Kathryn et al. (2008) Coping strategies and patterns of alcohol and drug use among HIV-infected patients in the United States Southeast. AIDS Patient Care STDS 22:869-77
Pence, Brian Wells; Ostermann, Jan; Kumar, Virender et al. (2008) The influence of psychosocial characteristics and race/ethnicity on the use, duration, and success of antiretroviral therapy. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 47:194-201
Ostermann, Jan; Kumar, Virender; Pence, Brian Wells et al. (2007) Trends in HIV testing and differences between planned and actual testing in the United States, 2000-2005. Arch Intern Med 167:2128-35