: Invasive infections due to Aspergillus fumigatus are increasing, and despite new therapies are associated with greater than 50% mortality. Invasion of blood vessels is a hallmark pathologic feature of invasive aspergillosis and plays a critical role in the development of local and disseminated disease. This process of angioinvasion and subsequent dissemination is unique to A. fumigatus and a handful of other pathogenic molds, and its mechanism is not well understood. Histopathologic studies suggest that there are several key steps by which the organism gains entry to and subsequently exits from the vascular system. First, hyphae from an infectious focus must invade the abluminal surface of the blood vessel, and penetrate endothelial cells to gain access to the blood vessel lumen. Next, hyphal fragments are borne by the bloodstream to distal sites where they adhere to and penetrate the luminal surface of the endothelial cells lining the blood vessel and thereby invade the deep organs. Our overall hypothesis is that the interactions of A. fumigatus with the vascular endothelium are critical to the pathogenesis of invasive aspergillosis. We propose to study the mechanisms underlying angioinvasion and hematogenous dissemination by first developing an in vitro culture system that will enable us to study the interactions of A. fumigatus with both the abluminal and luminal surfaces of the endothelial cell. Using this system, we will investigate the mechanisms of endothelial cell invasion, stimulation, and injury when hyphae infect the abluminal vs. luminal surfaces of the endothelial cell. We will also characterize the parameters that govern the luminal adherence of A. fumigatus hyphae to endothelium and subendothelial matrix proteins. Finally, we will validate our in vitro results using two new murine models of invasive pulmonary and hematogenously disseminated aspergillosis. These studies are designed to lay the essential foundation for a comprehensive research program aimed at elucidating the molecular mechanisms by which A. fumigatus invades blood vessels and hematogenously disseminates.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
Type
Exploratory/Developmental Grants (R21)
Project #
1R21AI064511-01
Application #
6906824
Study Section
Pathogenic Eukaryotes Study Section (PTHE)
Program Officer
Duncan, Rory A
Project Start
2005-06-15
Project End
2007-05-31
Budget Start
2005-06-15
Budget End
2006-05-31
Support Year
1
Fiscal Year
2005
Total Cost
$136,584
Indirect Cost
Name
La Biomed Research Institute/ Harbor UCLA Medical Center
Department
Type
DUNS #
069926962
City
Torrance
State
CA
Country
United States
Zip Code
90502
Liu, Hong; Gravelat, Fabrice N; Chiang, Lisa Y et al. (2010) Aspergillus fumigatus AcuM regulates both iron acquisition and gluconeogenesis. Mol Microbiol 78:1038-54
Gravelat, Fabrice N; Ejzykowicz, Daniele E; Chiang, Lisa Y et al. (2010) Aspergillus fumigatus MedA governs adherence, host cell interactions and virulence. Cell Microbiol 12:473-88
Ejzykowicz, Daniele E; Cunha, Marcel M; Rozental, Sonia et al. (2009) The Aspergillus fumigatus transcription factor Ace2 governs pigment production, conidiation and virulence. Mol Microbiol 72:155-69
Kamai, Yasuki; Lossinsky, Albert S; Liu, Hong et al. (2009) Polarized response of endothelial cells to invasion by Aspergillus fumigatus. Cell Microbiol 11:170-82
Gravelat, Fabrice N; Doedt, Thomas; Chiang, Lisa Y et al. (2008) In vivo analysis of Aspergillus fumigatus developmental gene expression determined by real-time reverse transcription-PCR. Infect Immun 76:3632-9
Chiang, Lisa Y; Sheppard, Donald C; Gravelat, Fabrice N et al. (2008) Aspergillus fumigatus stimulates leukocyte adhesion molecules and cytokine production by endothelial cells in vitro and during invasive pulmonary disease. Infect Immun 76:3429-38
Kamai, Y; Chiang, L Y; Lopes Bezerra, L M et al. (2006) Interactions of Aspergillus fumigatus with vascular endothelial cells. Med Mycol 44 Suppl 1:S115-7