The interaction between cancer cells and the pancreatic stroma has been implicated in pancreatic cancer progression and resistance to chemotherapy and radiation. Based on our preliminary results demonstrating prominent tissue transglutaminase (TG2) expression and activity in the pancreatic tumor millieu, we hypothesized that TG2 secreted by pancreatic cancer cells modulates stroma, promotes cancer cell survival, and impairs chemotherapy delivery. We propose to test the hypothesis by three specific aims:
Aim 1 : Measure proliferation and activation of pancreatic stromal cells in response to TG2 secreted by pancreatic cancer cells.
Aim 2 : Demonstrate that TG2 knockdown or its enzymatic inhibition regulate stroma composition in pancreatic tumors.
Aim 3 : Demonstrate that TG2 knockdown or its enzymatic inhibition increases gemcitabine delivery into the pancreatic milieu.
Aim 1 will use co-culture experiments to measure the effects of secreted TG2 on proliferation, survival and activation of fibroblasts and endothelial cells. Cytokines and growth factors secreted by fibroblasts will be measured in media conditioned by stromal and cancer cells by using Multiplex ELISA.
Aims 2 and 3 will use orthotopic pancreatic xenografts generated from pancreatic cancer cells in which TG2 was knocked down by using stable transfection of sh-RNA or antisense construct targeting TG2, or TG2 will be inhibited by using KCC009, a specific enzymatic inhibitor. Endpoints of the experiments are measurement and comparison of: fibrosis (immunostaining for collagen and trichrome stain), number and proliferation of stromal cells (myofibroblasts and pancreatic stellate cells), angiogenesis (microvessel density), survival and proliferation of pancreatic cancer cells, and penetrance of chemotherapy into pancreatic tissue. For the latter endpoint, we will measure the concentration of gemcitabine within pancreatic tissue derived from cancer cells expressing normal or low TG2 levels by using HPLC mass spectrometry. In summary, successful demonstration of the role of tissue transglutaminase in modulation of the pancreatic stroma will provide a strong rationale for investigating further TG2 inhibition as an anti-cancer strategy or as means to sensitize pancreatic tumors to chemotherapy. These studies have direct clinical relevance to pancreatic cancer patients.

Public Health Relevance

The study of TG2 as a modulator of the tumor cell-stroma interaction in pancreatic cancer is novel and has direct therapeutic implications. We hypothesized that modulation of the pancreatic stroma by TG2 plays a critical role in tumor progression and resistance to chemotherapy. Successful demonstration of this process will provide the rationale for pursuing TG2 inhibition to block pancreatic tumor progression, enhance uptake of chemotherapeutics within tumors, and increase response to anti-cancer agents in pancreatic cancer. Ultimately, such TG2-directed strategies will increase the sensitivity of pancreatic tumors to chemotherapy and impact directly the clinical outcome of this deadly cancer.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Cancer Institute (NCI)
Type
Exploratory/Developmental Grants (R21)
Project #
1R21CA152502-01A1
Application #
8114594
Study Section
Basic Mechanisms of Cancer Therapeutics Study Section (BMCT)
Program Officer
Fu, Yali
Project Start
2011-09-06
Project End
2013-08-31
Budget Start
2011-09-06
Budget End
2012-08-31
Support Year
1
Fiscal Year
2011
Total Cost
$160,789
Indirect Cost
Name
Indiana University-Purdue University at Indianapolis
Department
Internal Medicine/Medicine
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
603007902
City
Indianapolis
State
IN
Country
United States
Zip Code
46202
Lee, Jiyoon; Yakubov, Bakhtiyor; Ivan, Cristina et al. (2016) Tissue Transglutaminase Activates Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts and Contributes to Gemcitabine Resistance in Pancreatic Cancer. Neoplasia 18:689-698
Lee, Jiyoon; Condello, Salvatore; Yakubov, Bakhtiyor et al. (2015) Tissue Transglutaminase Mediated Tumor-Stroma Interaction Promotes Pancreatic Cancer Progression. Clin Cancer Res 21:4482-93