Sun ASA24-Kids Accurate assessment of dietary intake is important for 1) evaluating the outcome of dietary change interventions, 2) assessing the relationship between diet and health outcomes (e.g., obesity, metabolic syndrome), 3) identifying factors (e.g. environmental, psychosocial) influencing dietary intake which could be targeted in change programs, and 4) assessing diet changes over time (called surveillance). Our research revealed 35% of the foods children reported consuming the previous day were imaginary (called intrusions: observers did not see those foods consumed) and 15% were forgotten (called omissions: foods observers recorded, but were not reported by the children). This level of error needs to be minimized to enhance children's dietary intake assessment accuracy. Pictures of actual meals served, and after consumption, should minimize intrusions and omissions. Problems with the smart phone method of taking meal pictures for children, however, are it requires remembering to carry and use the smart phone correctly at the right time, even in social circumstances (e.g., with certain friends) when child reticence, even embarrassment, may minimize some children's willingness to draw that kind of attention to themselves. Dr. Mingui Sun (U Pittsburgh) has developed a multisensory unit, the e.button, attached to the shirt, which includes a camera, battery and storage to record pictures of everything in front of a child at 2 to 10 second intervals throughout the day. The Sun System requires a trained research assistant to identify the foods, and use of an on screen malleable wire mesh feature to estimate amounts consumed (taking about 10 min/day of images), which are in turn verified by a nutrition/dietetics professional (taking about five min/day of images). Limits of this system are that many foods are hard to recognize in a photo (e.g., poor lighting, odd angle, unusual food, unusual preparation or presentation of the food). Similar problems will occur with an automated system using pattern recognition to identify the foods. The child who consumed the foods, alternatively, should be able to recognize an image of the foods without much difficulty. The ASA24-Kids, adapted to children's abilities from the Automated Self-Administered 24 hour recall (ASA24) for adults, enables children to self-report what they consumed the previous day. Combining the Sun System with ASA24-Kids may permit recording children's dietary intake that minimizes the limitations of child's 24 hour memory by providing images of the foods consumed, yet allows child review of foods in the images. While the feasibility of using an automated image capture method for dietary assessment has been established among adults, parallel work has not been done among children. As a result, we propose creating Sun-ASA24-Kids, adapting it to child abilities, and validating it in a field study. The Sun-ASA24-Kids system could minimize two major sources of child reporting error, and unclear picture errors.
A passive diet assessment program (developed by Mingui Sun) that takes images at intervals of 2-10 seconds throughout the day should minimize common dietary recall memory errors among children. Children using ASA24-Kids, a 24 hour diet assessment program, to review and edit the automated identification of foods, and estimates of intake from the mealtime images, should minimize machine errors. This grant application proposes to combine the Sun sensor system with ASA24-Kids and conduct a field validation of estimates.
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