Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a severe mental health condition with high morbidity and mortality. Although dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) is an efficacious treatment for BPD, it is resource-intensive and lengthy in its full form, involving one year of weekly individual therapy and group skills training in mindfulness, emotion regulation, interpersonal effectiveness, and distress tolerance. As a result, few patients have access to the full treatment. A better understanding of how the distinct components of DBT affect different sets of symptoms could help to streamline this treatment and personalize its use with specific patients. DBT emotion regulation skills training may be a particularly important component of DBT. Emotional dysfunction is theorized to underlie many of the problems seen in BPD, including impairments in decision- making, impulsive behaviors, and self-injury. The PI's pilot data suggest that DBT emotion regulation skills may have unique effects on emotion targets in BPD, as well as broader effects beyond emotional symptoms. Conversely, DBT interpersonal effectiveness may affect interpersonal targets. Yet this small sample pilot remains the only study to test experimentally the effects of distinct DBT skills modules. Therefore, the proposed study examines the unique effects of two distinct DBT skills training modules. Participants will be adults with BPD and recent, recurrent self-injurious behaviors (N = 81) who will be randomly assigned to six weeks of DBT emotion regulation skills training (DBT-ER), DBT interpersonal effectiveness skills training (DBT-IE), or a non-skills control group. Using innovative laboratory-based assessment methods, the proposed study will examine the effects of these conditions on emotional responding and interpersonal functioning, as well as BPD related outcomes.
Aim 1 examines the unique effects of DBT-ER and DBT-IE on their respective emotion-related (subjective and biological emotional reactivity, behavioral emotion regulation, skills use) and interpersonal (subjective and behavioral) targets, compared to the control.
Aim 2 examines whether DBT-ER target engagement predicts reductions in BPD symptoms and self-injury.
Aim 3 examines whether baseline high emotion dysregulation predicts greater response to the DBT-ER condition versus the other conditions. The research team (PI: Dixon-Gordon, Co-I: Gratz; Consultants: Cooney, Hazlett; Collaborators: Constantino, Laws) has extensive experience in DBT, emotion regulation, biological assessment of stress reactivity, and treatment research and is therefore uniquely positioned to address these aims. The proposed research is innovative in its experimental examination of the effects of DBT components on specific targets in BPD. Given the high societal costs of BPD, this work has important public health significance. Findings will inform an R01 submission examining modular use of DBT components to result in briefer and more efficient individualized treatments for patients.

Public Health Relevance

The proposed research is relevant to public health because identifying targets in the treatment of high-risk patients with emotion dysregulation, interpersonal problems, and impulsivity (i.e., borderline personality disorder) will inform the development of briefer, more personalized, and accessible interventions. Thus, the proposed research is relevant to NIH's mission by improving the prediction and treatment of maladaptive behaviors in this high-risk population, ultimately reducing suffering and mortality in a disorder with substantial societal cost.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)
Type
Exploratory/Developmental Grants (R21)
Project #
1R21MH119530-01A1
Application #
9895561
Study Section
Adult Psychopathology and Disorders of Aging Study Section (APDA)
Program Officer
Talkovsky, Alexander M
Project Start
2020-01-06
Project End
2021-12-31
Budget Start
2020-01-06
Budget End
2020-12-31
Support Year
1
Fiscal Year
2020
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
University of Massachusetts Amherst
Department
Psychology
Type
Schools of Arts and Sciences
DUNS #
153926712
City
Hadley
State
MA
Country
United States
Zip Code
01035