Trauma is a common cause of coagulopathy, primarily due to blood loss, hemodilution secondary to fluid resuscitation, and consumption due to injury-induced hyper-coagulation. A high incidence of coagulopathy is found in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI), even though these patients bleed far less and receive restricted flui resuscitation as compared to patients with injury to the trunk and limbs, suggesting that TBI- associated coagulopathy (TBI-AC) follows a distinct, but poorly defined, pathological course. Brain tissue is highly enriched in key coagulant molecules; but the contribution of these brain-derived molecules to the pathogenesis of TBI-AC is not known. Our preliminary data show that mechanical injury promotes neurons and glial cells to release microparticles that express tissue factor and phosphatidylserine that are active in promoting coagulation. These results led us to hypothesize that 1) injured cerebral tissue releases procoagulant molecules into the circulation through the disrupted blood-brain barrier; 2) these molecules initiate and propagate a hyper-coagulable state in the early stages of TBI; and 3) this exaggerated coagulation is rapidly transited into consumptive coagulopathy. We propose to test these novel hypotheses in an exploratory pilot study by achieving two specific aims.
Aim 1 is to measure levels and activity of brain-derived procoagulant molecules in blood samples from patients with only body trauma, isolated TBI and polytrauma with TBI. We will analyze plasma samples from these patients for the presence and activity of the brain-derived procoagulant microparticles and PS-binding scavenger proteins. We will then determine if these results distinguish between TBI patients with and without coagulopathy.
Aim 2 is to conduct a complementary mouse study using a model of fluid percussion injury to the brain in order to overcome limitations associated with mechanistically studying TBI-AC in patients. We propose to examine 1) release of procoagulant microparticles from the TBI brain to the circulation and its association with injury to the blood-brain barrier, 2) impact of oxidative modifications on the procoagulant activity of brain phospholipids, and 3) the role of exogenous PS- binding molecules in reducing this procoagulant activity. This exploratory study will examine the feasibility and scientific validity f studying roles of brain-derived procoagulant microparticles in the pathogenesis of TBI-AC. It will lay the foundation for developing a study designed to understand the mechanisms of TBI-AC and identify new therapeutic targets that could reverse the course of coagulopathy with a minimal impact on hemostasis.

Public Health Relevance

This study is designed to examine the effects of brain-derived procoagulant molecules, especially those associated with cellular microparticles on systemic coagulation abnormalities associated with traumatic brain injury. We will conduct complementary studies of patients with TBI and mouse models of TBI to dissect the pathogenesis of traumatic brain injury-associated coagulopathy. This exploratory study shall lay the foundation for follow-up studies designed to understand mechanisms of TBI-AC and identify new therapeutic targets that could reverse the course of coagulopathy with a minimal impact on hemostasis.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS)
Type
Exploratory/Developmental Grants (R21)
Project #
5R21NS087296-02
Application #
8934202
Study Section
Brain Injury and Neurovascular Pathologies Study Section (BINP)
Program Officer
Bellgowan, Patrick S F
Project Start
2014-09-30
Project End
2016-07-31
Budget Start
2015-08-01
Budget End
2016-07-31
Support Year
2
Fiscal Year
2015
Total Cost
$276,600
Indirect Cost
$126,600
Name
Puget Sound Blood Center
Department
Type
DUNS #
092881085
City
Seattle
State
WA
Country
United States
Zip Code
98104
Zhou, Yuan; Cai, Wei; Zhao, Zilong et al. (2018) Lactadherin promotes microvesicle clearance to prevent coagulopathy and improves survival of severe TBI mice. Blood 131:563-572
Zhang, Jianning; Zhang, Fangyi; Dong, Jing-Fei (2018) Coagulopathy induced by traumatic brain injury: systemic manifestation of a localized injury. Blood 131:2001-2006
Yang, Ai-Jun; Wang, Min; Wang, Yan et al. (2018) Cancer cell-derived von Willebrand factor enhanced metastasis of gastric adenocarcinoma. Oncogenesis 7:12
Wu, Yingang; Liu, Wei; Zhou, Yuan et al. (2018) von Willebrand factor enhances microvesicle-induced vascular leakage and coagulopathy in mice with traumatic brain injury. Blood 132:1075-1084
Zhao, Zilong; Zhou, Yuan; Tian, Ye et al. (2017) Cellular microparticles and pathophysiology of traumatic brain injury. Protein Cell 8:801-810
Zhao, Zilong; Wang, Min; Tian, Ye et al. (2016) Cardiolipin-mediated procoagulant activity of mitochondria contributes to traumatic brain injury-associated coagulopathy in mice. Blood 127:2763-72
Tian, Ye; Salsbery, Breia; Wang, Min et al. (2015) Brain-derived microparticles induce systemic coagulation in a murine model of traumatic brain injury. Blood 125:2151-9