Social dominance, the tendency to exercise social influence and control, has been positively associated with coronary heart disease (CHD) risk among males, independent of biomedical risk factors and hostility. Exposure to dominant others behaviors also has been associated with elevated CHD risk. For females, submissiveness and a constellation of psychosocial behaviors opposite to urgency and competitiveness have been associated with increased risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). The present project aims to examine biopsychosocial processes that might contribute to these associations. The three proposed studies are designed to test a social-contextual model of dominance and cardiovascular stress reactivity (CVR) that synthesizes and elaborates earlier models in order to account for (1) cardiovascular consequences of exposure to dominant others and (2) differences in dominant men's and women's cardiovascular responses to social interactions. Because of the disproportionately high rates of CVD among black Americans, both black and white men and women will be included in the proposed studies. Using a laboratory social interaction paradigm, study 1 will refine and validate a coding system designed to assess dominant and hostile behaviors during dyadic social interaction. Study 2 will examine two factors proposed to account for differences in dominant men's and women's cardiovascular responses to social interaction: (1) explicit role demands regarding dominance expression (i.e., the degree to which situations provide clear and salient cues regarding expected and acceptable behavior) and (2) gender composition of the dyad (i.e., same sex versus opposite sex). These two factors will be manipulated independently while unacquainted, healthy young adult men and women participate in task-oriented dyadic discussions designed to activate motives to influence; cardiovascular responses will be measured during the discussions and preceding rests. Study 3, a secondary analysis of data collected in study 2, will examine associations between CVR and exposure to others' dominance. The aforementioned behavioral coding system will be used to assess behavioral dominance observed in study 2 and path analytic techniques will be used to model associations among CVR, one's own and one's partner's trait and behavioral dominance, gender, and situational factors. These studies extend a growing literature concerning the central role of social relationships in health and illness and they test a theoretical model that addresses why social relationships and interpersonally-oriented person variables such as dominance may have differing consequences for the physical well-being of men and women.
| Newton, Tamara L (2009) Cardiovascular functioning, personality, and the social world: the domain of hierarchical power. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 33:145-59 |
| Newton, Tamara L; Philhower, Correna L (2003) Socioemotional correlates of self-reported menstrual cycle irregularity in premenopausal women. Psychosom Med 65:1065-9 |
