There are seven known cancer viruses, two of which (Kaposi's sarcoma herpesvirus, KSHV/HHV8, and Merkel cell polyomavirus, MCV) were discovered by my laboratory. This R35 application will consolidate currently funded research in my laboratory and provide resources to complete currently unfunded research. It focuses on three main areas: 1) Merkel cell polyomavirus-related cancer and oncogenesis: MCV is the first polyomavirus known to cause human cancer. We are investigating the basic mechanisms used by this virus to regulate cap-dependent translation, to modulate cellular signaling pathways and to dysregulate the cell cycle. Our findings have direct relevance to Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) but also apply to other noninfectious cancers as well. Ongoing NCI funding on this topic will be incorporated into the R35 award. 2) The role of oncoprotein translation variability in KSHV oncogenesis: We find that LANA1 undergoes a unique form of previously undescribed repeat +1 frameshifting at internal repeat sequences. This reveals that the major oncogene for KSHV expresses previously unknown proteins that could contribute to cell proliferation. Understanding the molecular mechanism for this frameshifting may have relevance to neurodegenerative diseases caused by cellular gene frameshift recoding through a similar mechanism. 3) New ways to find new human cancer viruses: We developed digital transcriptomic subtraction to discover MCV in MCC. Combining transcriptome information with proteomic analyses is a promising approach to discovering additional new agents. This may be particularly important for persistent viral infections in which viral proteins have reduced turnover to prevent host immune recognition. Under these circumstances, viral RNA levels can be miniscule - limiting the ability to detect the agent - while highly stable viral proteins may be abundant. This proposal supports both basic and translational research on new ways that viruses can induce human cancers. I anticipate that it will lay a basis for new insights into methods to reliably determine the role of viruses in human cancers and to uncover novel common cancer pathways that are at work in both infectious and noninfectious tumors.
The Outstanding Investigator Award (R35, PAR-14-267) seeks to provide resources to successful, funded investigators so that novel, high-risk/high-reward and long-term cancer research initiatives can be undertaken. My laboratory, in collaboration with Dr. Yuan Chang, discovered the virus that causes Kaposi sarcoma, the most common cancer among AIDS patients, and another virus that causes Merkel cell carcinoma, the most severe form of skin cancer. We have exploited each of these discoveries to uncover new mechanisms for cancer development, new diagnostics and new therapeutic and preventive options. My group has been continuously NCI funded for nearly 20 years and this R35 award will consolidate two R01 grants on which I am the principle investigator. My work has been cited nearly 20,000 times and is recognized by international honors, including the Charles S. Mott Prize and the Robert Koch Prize. I am an elected member of the National Academy of Sciences and I have been awarded an American Cancer Society Professorship. During the course of this grant, we will work to uncover new cancer causing pathways used by these viruses that may have general importance cancer cell proliferation. We will also develop a long-term initiative to identify viral peptides de novo, in combination with digital transcriptome subtraction, to identify new infectious causes for human cancers.
| Velásquez, Celestino; Amako, Yutaka; Harold, Alexis et al. (2018) Characterization of a Merkel Cell Polyomavirus-Positive Merkel Cell Carcinoma Cell Line CVG-1. Front Microbiol 9:713 |
| Harms, Paul W; Harms, Kelly L; Moore, Patrick S et al. (2018) The biology and treatment of Merkel cell carcinoma: current understanding and research priorities. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 15:763-776 |
| Toptan, Tuna; Abere, Bizunesh; Nalesnik, Michael A et al. (2018) Circular DNA tumor viruses make circular RNAs. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 115:E8737-E8745 |
| Chang, Yuan; Moore, Patrick S; Weiss, Robin A (2017) Human oncogenic viruses: nature and discovery. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 372: |
| Kwun, H J; Wendzicki, J A; Shuda, Y et al. (2017) Merkel cell polyomavirus small T antigen induces genome instability by E3 ubiquitin ligase targeting. Oncogene 36:6784-6792 |
| Kwun, Hyun Jin; Chang, Yuan; Moore, Patrick S (2017) Protein-mediated viral latency is a novel mechanism for Merkel cell polyomavirus persistence. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 114:E4040-E4047 |
| Moore, Patrick S; Chang, Yuan (2017) Common Commensal Cancer Viruses. PLoS Pathog 13:e1006078 |
| Toptan, Tuna; Yousem, Samuel A; Ho, Jonhan et al. (2016) Survey for human polyomaviruses in cancer. JCI Insight 1: |
| Velásquez, Celestino; Cheng, Erdong; Shuda, Masahiro et al. (2016) Mitotic protein kinase CDK1 phosphorylation of mRNA translation regulator 4E-BP1 Ser83 may contribute to cell transformation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 113:8466-71 |
| Dresang, Lindsay R; Teuton, Jeremy R; Feng, Huichen et al. (2011) Coupled transcriptome and proteome analysis of human lymphotropic tumor viruses: insights on the detection and discovery of viral genes. BMC Genomics 12:625 |
