My lab has a long-standing interest in mechanisms and factors involved in homologous recombination (HR) in mammalian cells. We established that HR is a major repair mechanism in mammalian cells for DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) and that breast and ovarian tumor suppressors are HR factors. In addition, we demonstrated with my colleague Scott Keeney that the mouse SPO11 protein introduces DSBs to initiate meiotic HR and that the non-Mendelian transfer of information - gene conversion - occurs during meiotic HR in the mouse. The importance of HR in somatic cells is particularly emphasized by the association of mutations in HR genes with human disease, especially cancer, while in germ cells, mistakes in HR can lead to miscarriage and developmental defects. The application builds on our earlier discoveries with the long-term goals of understanding HR mechanisms and factors in mitotic and meiotic cells. Our previous observations demonstrated that meiotic gene conversion occurs more broadly through meiotic HR hotspots than expected from relatively focused DSB formation, which has implications for the evolutionary longevity of hotspots. We will explore possible mechanisms that could lead to this pattern of gene conversion, focusing on the role of mismatch repair factors, as well as how sequence divergence affects HR frequency and outcomes. While HR between homologous chromosomes is critical in meiotic cells, it can be deleterious in mitotic cells if it leads to loss of heterozgosity. However, studies of mitotic interhomolog recombination have lagged behind those in meiotic cells. We will determine how mechanisms of meiotic and mitotic interhomolog HR compare and how the different cellular contexts impact DNA transactions. During meiosis, DSB numbers as well as position need to be tightly regulated. The ATM kinase plays a critical role in regulating meiotic DSB numbers; we will address whether ATM also controls the spatial regulation of DSB formation, including on the pseudoautosomal region shared by the sex chromosomes. Proper DSB repair by HR is critical in meiosis, as typically one to two crossovers occur on each homolog, with much of the remaining repair presumed to give rise to interhomolog noncrossovers. We will address whether loss of ATM leads to aberrant DSB repair outcomes. Many HR factors are crucial in mammals as their loss can lead to embryonic lethality, developmental defects, sterility, or tumorigenesis. We have begun to explore the function of additional presumptive HR factors and plan an integrated approach to understand the role of these factors in the animal in relation to that of known HR factors. Finally, the choice for a DSB to undergo HR or more mutagenic nonhomologous repair appears to be controlled at the initial end processing step, termed end resection. However, this process and its control are poorly understood in mammalian cells. We will develop nucleotide resolution end resection analysis to gain insight into this key control step.

Public Health Relevance

Lesions that arise in the genome compromise its integrity and so must be repaired, since lack of repair or misrepair leads to genomic loss or rearrangements, which are associated with many tumor types, including breast and ovarian cancer. Conversely, some lesions are beneficial because their repair leads to proper gamete formation by promoting the segregation of maternal and paternal chromosomes, errors of which can lead to developmental issues. This project addresses fundamental questions about the repair of DNA lesions in which both strands of DNA are broken, and impacts our human fertility, development, and cancer.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS)
Type
Unknown (R35)
Project #
1R35GM118175-01
Application #
9071768
Study Section
Special Emphasis Panel (ZGM1)
Program Officer
Willis, Kristine Amalee
Project Start
2016-05-03
Project End
2021-04-30
Budget Start
2016-05-03
Budget End
2017-04-30
Support Year
1
Fiscal Year
2016
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research
Department
Type
DUNS #
064931884
City
New York
State
NY
Country
United States
Zip Code
10065
Brunet, Erika; Jasin, Maria (2018) Induction of Chromosomal Translocations with CRISPR-Cas9 and Other Nucleases: Understanding the Repair Mechanisms That Give Rise to Translocations. Adv Exp Med Biol 1044:15-25
Pacheco, Sarai; Maldonado-Linares, Andros; Marcet-Ortega, Marina et al. (2018) ATR is required to complete meiotic recombination in mice. Nat Commun 9:2622
Chen, Chun-Chin; Feng, Weiran; Lim, Pei Xin et al. (2018) Homology-Directed Repair and the Role of BRCA1, BRCA2, and Related Proteins in Genome Integrity and Cancer. Annu Rev Cancer Biol 2:313-336
Lukaszewicz, Agnieszka; Lange, Julian; Keeney, Scott et al. (2018) Control of meiotic double-strand-break formation by ATM: local and global views. Cell Cycle 17:1155-1172
Abreu, Carla M; Prakash, Rohit; Romanienko, Peter J et al. (2018) Shu complex SWS1-SWSAP1 promotes early steps in mouse meiotic recombination. Nat Commun 9:3961
Yamada, Shintaro; Kim, Seoyoung; Tischfield, Sam E et al. (2017) Genomic and chromatin features shaping meiotic double-strand break formation and repair in mice. Cell Cycle 16:1870-1884
Chen, Chun-Chin; Avdievich, Elena; Zhang, Yongwei et al. (2017) EXO1 suppresses double-strand break induced homologous recombination between diverged sequences in mammalian cells. DNA Repair (Amst) 57:98-106
Chen, Chun-Chin; Kass, Elizabeth M; Yen, Wei-Feng et al. (2017) ATM loss leads to synthetic lethality in BRCA1 BRCT mutant mice associated with exacerbated defects in homology-directed repair. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 114:7665-7670
Vanoli, Fabio; Jasin, Maria (2017) Generation of chromosomal translocations that lead to conditional fusion protein expression using CRISPR-Cas9 and homology-directed repair. Methods 121-122:138-145
Vanoli, Fabio; Tomishima, Mark; Feng, Weiran et al. (2017) CRISPR-Cas9-guided oncogenic chromosomal translocations with conditional fusion protein expression in human mesenchymal cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 114:3696-3701

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