Addictive behaviors, such as smoking, drinking and overeating rich, high fat foods are highly prevalent among young adults in the US. Over-indulgence in such behaviors put these young adults at great risk for addiction, thereby posing an important threat to public health. Self-control may be central to reducing problematic addictive behaviors, the proposed research will build on the recently emerging basic understanding of self-control as a limited resource capacity. When that resource has been depleted, selfcontrol is likely to fail, potentially resulting in an increase in unhealthy eating, drinking, or smoking. Coping with stress depletes self control, and addictive behaviors are known to increase under stress. Although we have previously shown that self control may be strengthened via exercises and that stress indeed depletes self control capacity, social behavioral research to assess whether strengthening self control via exercises could improve self control and decrease addictive behaviors in the real world has been limited. Therefore, in the current proposal we will address this important gap by conducting two projects, each involving a series of randomized controlled experiments. Project 1 encompasses a series of 4 experiments conducted in college students that evaluate the impact of self-control exercises on this limited resource capacity in the laboratory, and among college students choosing to decrease addictive behaviors of overeating, smoking or alcohol use. The initial three experiments aim to develop an efficient training program that strengthens self-control by employing simple and ecologically-valid training techniques. The final experiment examines whether such improvements are maintained during stressful periods marked by elevated risk for addictive indulgence within a naturalistic setting. Project II examines the impact of subjective and physiological stress on selfcontrol and addictive behaviors. This is a new and important contribution to our theory of self-control, as it will help clarify some of the processes by which people develop (or fail to develop) self-control. In Project II, experiment 1 investigates whether the demands for self-control are themselves inherently stressful. Experiment 2 examines whether glucose provides a way for improvement of self-control under different types of laboratory stressors, and finally experiment 3 assesses the association between stress, self-control and addictive behaviors in a naturalistic setting. Through collaborative team science, these studies will integrate social arid behavioral conceptions of self-control with biological influences on stress and self control. If successful, the proposed research will uniquely apply basic knowledge about self control processes to identify effective ways to change addictive behaviors in the real world setting of college life, and thereby decrease the risk of developing addiction among college students.
| Alquist, Jessica L; Baumeister, Roy F; McGregor, Ian et al. (2018) Personal Conflict Impairs Performance on an Unrelated Self-Control Task: Lingering Costs of Uncertainty and Conflict. J Exp Soc Psychol 74:157-160 |
| Hofmann, Wilhelm; Adriaanse, Marieke; Vohs, Kathleen D et al. (2014) Dieting and the self-control of eating in everyday environments: an experience sampling study. Br J Health Psychol 19:523-39 |
| Ainsworth, Sarah E; Baumeister, Roy F; Vohs, Kathleen D et al. (2014) Ego depletion decreases trust in economic decision making. J Exp Soc Psychol 54:40-49 |
| Hofmann, Wilhelm; Vohs, Kathleen D; Baumeister, Roy F (2012) What people desire, feel conflicted about, and try to resist in everyday life. Psychol Sci 23:582-8 |
| Uziel, Liad; Baumeister, Roy F (2012) The effect of public social context on self-control: depletion for neuroticism and restoration for impression management. Pers Soc Psychol Bull 38:384-96 |
| de Ridder, Denise T D; Lensvelt-Mulders, Gerty; Finkenauer, Catrin et al. (2012) Taking stock of self-control: a meta-analysis of how trait self-control relates to a wide range of behaviors. Pers Soc Psychol Rev 16:76-99 |
| Hofmann, Wilhelm; Baumeister, Roy F; Forster, Georg et al. (2012) Everyday temptations: an experience sampling study of desire, conflict, and self-control. J Pers Soc Psychol 102:1318-35 |
| Will Crescioni, A; Ehrlinger, Joyce; Alquist, Jessica L et al. (2011) High trait self-control predicts positive health behaviors and success in weight loss. J Health Psychol 16:750-9 |
| Baumeister, Roy F; Masicampo, E J; Vohs, Kathleen D (2011) Do conscious thoughts cause behavior? Annu Rev Psychol 62:331-61 |
| Baumeister, Roy F; Crescioni, A William; Alquist, Jessica L (2011) Further Thoughts on Counterfactuals, Compatibilism, Conceptual Mismatches, and Choices: Response to Commentaries. Neuroethics 4:31-34 |
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