Research under Project 1 of the Consortium will involve further study of neural cell models of the neurodegenerative disorder, fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome (FXTAS). The pathogenesis of FXTAS is the direct result of a toxic gain-of-function of excess FMR1 RNA that is produced from premutation CGG-repeat expansions of the fragile X mental retardation (FMR1) gene. The principal objective of this project will be the identification and assessment of various candidate therapeutic agents that m.ight attenuate the effects of the pathogenic RNA;through antisense-DNA- (ASO) or siRNA-mediated knock-down (Aims 1 and 2);through downstream effects of the neuropathic process, such as impaired glutamate regulation/uptake leading to glutamate toxicity (Aim 3);or through more proximal effects of the expanded- CGG-repeat RNA (Aim 4).
Aims 1 and 2 will test the hypothesis that elimination of the RNA, either in neural cell models or in transgenic mouse models (Project 2), will at least partially reverse the pathogenic process. Studies using inducible cell models will test this hypothesis and, with Project 2, will develop expectations for future oligonucleotide-based therapies in humans. Based on clinical/pathological evidence (Projects 1 and 3) of clear astrocyte dysfunction in FXTAS, we will test our working hypothesis that glutamate dysregulation contributes to the neurodegeneration in FXTAS, as one component of these studies, we will test the effect of memantine in mixed neuronal/astrocyte murine cell models of FXTAS, in part to provide a cellular basis for the clinical trial of memantine in Project 3. The development of oligonucleotide-based therapeutic agents (ASO, siRNA) will involve two important elements. First, a systematic determination of the necessity of using ASOs, which can target nuclear as well as cytoplasmic RNA, or whether it is sufficient to use siRNA-based targeting to the cytoplasm. Second, together with Project 2, we will develop non-viral, CNS-targeted immunoliposomal delivery methods to deliver candidate ASO or siRNA oligos in vivo in mouse models (Project 2). During the course of these experiments, and in conjunction with Project 2, we will examine the timing and reversibility of the pathogenic response;this issue is important when considering the timing of therapeutic intervention for FXTAS. Finally, together with Projects 2 and 4, we will investigate the nature of developmental problems in children who are carriers of premutation alleles, to determine whether, as we suspect, their involvement represents a novel developmental phenotype due to RNA toxicity, represents an effect of slightly lower protein levels that would characterize a broad fragile X syndrome spectrum effect, or reflects a combination of both pathogenic mechanisms. This last issue provides an example of the true power of the interdisciplinary approach.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute on Aging (NIA)
Type
Linked Research project Grant (RL1)
Project #
5RL1AG032119-03
Application #
7628970
Study Section
Special Emphasis Panel (ZRR1-SRC (99))
Program Officer
Refolo, Lorenzo
Project Start
2007-09-30
Project End
2012-06-30
Budget Start
2009-08-01
Budget End
2010-06-30
Support Year
3
Fiscal Year
2009
Total Cost
$792,986
Indirect Cost
Name
University of California Davis
Department
Biochemistry
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
047120084
City
Davis
State
CA
Country
United States
Zip Code
95618
Ram, Suresh; Devapriya, Inoka A; Fenton, Grace et al. (2015) Axonal neuropathy in female carriers of the fragile X premutation with fragile x-associated tremor ataxia syndrome. Muscle Nerve 52:234-9
Hukema, Renate K; Buijsen, Ronald A M; Schonewille, Martijn et al. (2015) Reversibility of neuropathology and motor deficits in an inducible mouse model for FXTAS. Hum Mol Genet 24:4948-57
Jalnapurkar, Isha; Rafika, Nuva; Tassone, Flora et al. (2015) Immune mediated disorders in women with a fragile X expansion and FXTAS. Am J Med Genet A 167A:190-7
Wong, Ling M; Goodrich-Hunsaker, Naomi J; McLennan, Yingratana et al. (2014) Eye movements reveal impaired inhibitory control in adult male fragile X premutation carriers asymptomatic for FXTAS. Neuropsychology 28:571-584
Yang, Jin-Chen; Niu, Yu-Qiong; Simon, Christa et al. (2014) Memantine effects on verbal memory in fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome (FXTAS): a double-blind brain potential study. Neuropsychopharmacology 39:2760-8
Seritan, Andreea L; Nguyen, Danh V; Mu, Yi et al. (2014) Memantine for fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. J Clin Psychiatry 75:264-71
Hukema, Renate K; Buijsen, Ronald A M; Raske, Chris et al. (2014) Induced expression of expanded CGG RNA causes mitochondrial dysfunction in vivo. Cell Cycle 13:2600-8
Yang, J-C; Simon, C; Schneider, A et al. (2014) Abnormal semantic processing in females with fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome. Genes Brain Behav 13:152-62
Leow, Alex; Harvey, Danielle; Goodrich-Hunsaker, Naomi J et al. (2014) Altered structural brain connectome in young adult fragile X premutation carriers. Hum Brain Mapp 35:4518-30
Niu, Yu-Qiong; Yang, Jin-Chen; Hall, Deborah A et al. (2014) Parkinsonism in fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome (FXTAS): revisited. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 20:456-9

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