Risk behaviors can threaten health and safety from both an individual and a public health perspective. They are associated with higher disability, mortality, and national healthcare costs. Among HIV+ individuals, some risk behaviors, such as unprotected sex and needle sharing, can lead to the spread of HIV disease. Other risk behaviors, such as substance use, can adversely affect health. Much of the current literature has focused on the association between psychosocial factors and engagement in risk behavior. However, the neurocognitive mechanisms underlying these complex behaviors remain poorly understood. The prefrontal cortex and associated frontal white matter tracts in the brain that are involved in higher-order, complex neurocognitive processes, often referred to as executive functions, are likely to be involved. Building upon the extant literature, this study will test a novel neurocognitive model, investigating the specific executive functions driving risk behavior. This project will: 1) confirm that risk behaviors represent a unitary construct; 2) identify the underlying executive functions (i.e., attentional control, impulsivity, and reward learning) that predict risk behavior among HIV+ individuals; and 3) show that our novel executive functioning model predicts risk behavior even after accounting for the contributions of demographic and psychiatric factors (e.g., gender, depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms). Building on the applicant's solid foundation in neuropsychology and demonstrated potential for independent research, this SC2 grant will provide the protected research time and stable research infrastructure necessary to significantly accelerate her work in neuroAIDS. This project represents the first step in developing a track record of independent funding. The innovative research program that this applicant will establish has the potential to improve our understanding of brain-behavior relationships, particularly in HIV, and to inform more successful, cost-effective prevention and intervention efforts for risk behaviors.

Public Health Relevance

Risk behaviors like needle sharing, unprotected sex, and substance use threaten both individual and public health. Among HIV+ individuals, risk behavior can have severe repercussions, including spreading HIV disease to others. By improving our understanding of the neurocognitive factors underlying such complex behaviors in HIV+ individuals, we may be able to develop more targeted and effective interventions to reduce rates of risk behavior.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)
Type
Pilot Research Project (SC2)
Project #
1SC2MH118473-01A1
Application #
9482343
Study Section
Behavioral and Social Consequences of HIV/AIDS Study Section (BSCH)
Program Officer
Gordon, Christopher M
Project Start
2018-04-20
Project End
2021-03-31
Budget Start
2018-04-20
Budget End
2019-03-31
Support Year
1
Fiscal Year
2018
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
California State University Northridge
Department
Psychology
Type
Schools of Arts and Sciences
DUNS #
055752331
City
Northridge
State
CA
Country
United States
Zip Code
91330