This proposal explores the interaction of mitochondrial fusion dynamics and transmembrane potential (??m) as an underlying mechanism and translational target in diabetic cardiovascular damage. Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a rapidly-increasing public health concern, causing decreased cardiac efficiency as the leading cause of mortality among Type 2 diabetics. A range of clinical and experimental data suggests that the cytokine-mediated inflammation that drives diabetic pathology directly damages mitochondria, the organellar network responsible for cellular bioenergetics. Crucially, however, it is unknown what level of mitochondrial damage can be sustained in highly-oxidative cardiac cells before pathology ensues. Our previous studies of mitochondrial structure/function in neuromuscular disease, utilizing cell-based imaging and functional assays, provide a ready approach to address this gap in knowledge. To maintain bioenergetic homeostasis, mitochondria balance their organization between a united, reticular network (OPA1-mediated fusion) and a fragmented population of individual organelles (DRP1-mediated fission). The ??m across the mitochondrial inner membrane is required for mitochondrial fusion, linking organellar function and structural dynamics. Strikingly, our preliminary data indicate that a sharply-defined threshold of 50% of ??m is required for mitochondrial fusion. This threshold is independent of mitochondrial fission activity, and appears to be mediated by OMA1, a stress-response protease that has been shown to cleave the mitochondrial OPA1 fusion protein in response to low ??m. Accordingly, we hypothesize that this threshold is an intrinsic property of human mitochondria mediated by expression of OPA1, and is damaged by cytokines, committing cardiac cells to apoptosis. The proposed aims mechanistically explore this threshold and the impacts of cytokine-mediated damage on ??m and fusion dynamics, with major potential for a novel translational approach protecting cardiac mitochondria against cytokine-mediated damage.
These aims an excellent fit with the outlined priorites for the SCORE SC3 mechanism, as the proposal will extend knowledge of mitochondrial homeostasis into the context of a leading public health problem, and will build biomedical research and enhance student research access at a leading Hispanic-serving institution that has not been a major recipient of NIH support.

Public Health Relevance

Decreased cardiac efficiency is a major complication in the increasing prevalence of Type 2 diabetes, and is the leading cause of death among diabetics. While mitochondria, the organelles providing energy to the cell, have long been implicated in both diabetes and cardiovascular disease, emerging research indicates that the increased inflammation that causes Type 2 diabetes disrupts mitochondrial structure/function homeostasis in the diabetic heart. The proposed research will critically examine an emerging mechanism of mitochondrial structure/function homeostasis, uncovering the mechanistic impacts of cytokine-mediated inflammation, with major potential for discovering novel therapeutics to protect cardiac mitochondria from inflammatory damage. The proposed aims will directly support development of the P.I.'s research program and increase under-represented student access to research careers at a major Hispanic-serving institution.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS)
Type
Research Continuance Award (SC3)
Project #
1SC3GM116669-01
Application #
8997287
Study Section
Special Emphasis Panel (ZGM1)
Program Officer
Krasnewich, Donna M
Project Start
2016-03-01
Project End
2020-02-29
Budget Start
2016-03-01
Budget End
2017-02-28
Support Year
1
Fiscal Year
2016
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
University of Texas Rio Grande Valley
Department
Biology
Type
Schools of Arts and Sciences
DUNS #
069444511
City
Edinburg
State
TX
Country
United States
Zip Code
78539
Gilkerson, Robert (2018) A Disturbance in the Force: Cellular Stress Sensing by the Mitochondrial Network. Antioxidants (Basel) 7:
Vazquez, Neftali; Sanchez, Lilia; Marks, Rebecca et al. (2018) A protocol for custom CRISPR Cas9 donor vector construction to truncate genes in mammalian cells using pcDNA3 backbone. BMC Mol Biol 19:3
Garcia, Iraselia; Innis-Whitehouse, Wendy; Lopez, Alma et al. (2018) Oxidative insults disrupt OPA1-mediated mitochondrial dynamics in cultured mammalian cells. Redox Rep 23:160-167
Garcia, Iraselia; Jones, Edith; Ramos, Manuel et al. (2017) The little big genome: the organization of mitochondrial DNA. Front Biosci (Landmark Ed) 22:710-721
Jones, Edith; Gaytan, Norma; Garcia, Iraselia et al. (2017) A threshold of transmembrane potential is required for mitochondrial dynamic balance mediated by DRP1 and OMA1. Cell Mol Life Sci 74:1347-1363
Gilkerson, Robert (2016) Commentary: Mitochondrial DNA damage and loss in diabetes. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 32:672-674