This proposal requests support for a new postdoctoral training program to train MD and PhD researchers to assume leadership roles in developing innovative, high impact research on adherence to medical treatment and chronic illness management that will enhance the health outcomes of children with pediatric chronic conditions. Modern medical treatments have improved the health outcomes of large numbers of children and adolescents with chronic conditions. However, one of the most critical remaining barriers to improving children's health outcomes over the course of their lifetime management of chronic illness is nonadherence to prescribed medical treatment. Nonadherence is defined as the discrepancy between prescribed treatment (medication or other treatments) and what is actually taken by patients. As noted by the World Health Organization (WHO), treatment nonadherence is not only highly prevalent (rates of 50% or greater in pediatric chronic illness populations) but has an extraordinary negative impact on children's health and health care costs. Innovative and clinically relevant research will be needed to close the gap between the health outcomes that are potentially achievable with more optimal treatment adherence and those achieved in current practice. NIH program priorities and requests for applications, scientific consensus conferences, and scholarly reviews have all identified the critical importance of research on pediatric adherence to treatment. A critical barrier to scientific advances in pediatric adherence and chronic illness management research is the shortage of talented, well-trained researchers who are devoting their careers to developing innovative, high impact treatment adherence and chronic illness management research with pediatric populations. One of the most promising ways to address this need and improve child health is to develop innovative interdisciplinary research training programs to train leaders in the field of treatment adherence and chronic illness management research. This is the goal of the proposed program. Specific training innovations will involve the integration of biomedical, behavioral, biostatistics, and health services/outcomes research and are reflected in a comprehensive training curriculum and research opportunities. Research innovations include novel methods of adherence promotion interventions involving technology (telehealth, internet, cell phone) designed to enhance the power and duration of intervention effects and reach diverse populations who cannot easily access traditional clinic-based approaches. Program innovation will also be enhanced by novel research training opportunities to evaluate the comparative effectiveness of adherence promotion interventions in pediatric chronic illness management, to integrate objective methods of adherence measurement (e.g., behavioral and pharmacological) and conduct advanced statistical analyses to evaluate the impact of adherence promotion interventions on children's health outcomes.

Public Health Relevance

Fellowship program graduates will be national leaders who will have a significant scientific impact on research in pediatric treatment adherence and relevant health outcomes for many years to come. This program will result in effective interventions that will enhance adherence to medical treatment for children and adolescents with a wide range of pediatric conditions. These advances will reduce the extraordinary negative impact of pediatric nonadherence and enhance children's health by reducing symptoms, impairment, health care utilization, a well as reduced costs of pediatric chronic illness treatment

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health & Human Development (NICHD)
Type
Institutional National Research Service Award (T32)
Project #
1T32HD068223-01A1
Application #
8264806
Study Section
Special Emphasis Panel (ZHD1-DRG-D (55))
Program Officer
Haverkos, Lynne
Project Start
2012-05-01
Project End
2017-04-30
Budget Start
2012-05-01
Budget End
2013-04-30
Support Year
1
Fiscal Year
2012
Total Cost
$120,282
Indirect Cost
$8,468
Name
Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center
Department
Type
DUNS #
071284913
City
Cincinnati
State
OH
Country
United States
Zip Code
45229
Favier, Leslie A; Taylor, Janalee; Loiselle Rich, Kristin et al. (2018) Barriers to Adherence in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: A Multicenter Collaborative Experience and Preliminary Results. J Rheumatol 45:690-696
Holbein, Christina E; Fogleman, Nicholas D; Hommel, Kevin et al. (2018) A multinational observational investigation of illness perceptions and quality of life among patients with a Fontan circulation. Congenit Heart Dis 13:392-400
Favier, Leslie A; Ting, Tracy V; Modi, Avani C (2018) Feasibility of a musculoskeletal ultrasound intervention to improve adherence in juvenile idiopathic arthritis: a proof-of concept trial. Pediatr Rheumatol Online J 16:75
Ramsey, Rachelle R; Carmody, Julia K; Holbein, Christina E et al. (2018) Examination of the uses, needs, and preferences for health technology use in adolescents with asthma. J Asthma :1-9
Kroon Van Diest, Ashley M; Ramsey, Rachelle R; Kashikar-Zuck, Susmita et al. (2017) Treatment Adherence in Child and Adolescent Chronic Migraine Patients: Results From the Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy and Amitriptyline Trial. Clin J Pain 33:892-898
Hommel, Kevin A; McGrady, Meghan E; Peugh, James et al. (2017) Longitudinal Patterns of Medication Nonadherence and Associated Health Care Costs. Inflamm Bowel Dis 23:1577-1583
Szulczewski, Lauren; Mullins, Larry L; Bidwell, Sarah L et al. (2017) Meta-Analysis: Caregiver and Youth Uncertainty in Pediatric Chronic Illness. J Pediatr Psychol 42:395-421
Ryan, Jamie L; McGrady, Meghan E; Guilfoyle, Shanna M et al. (2016) Quality of Life Changes and Health Care Charges Among Youth With Epilepsy. J Pediatr Psychol 41:888-97
Loiselle, Kristin A; Ramsey, Rachelle R; Rausch, Joseph R et al. (2016) Trajectories of Health-Related Quality of Life Among Children With Newly Diagnosed Epilepsy. J Pediatr Psychol 41:1011-21
Ramsey, Rachelle R; Loiselle, Kristin; Rausch, Joseph R et al. (2016) Predictors of trajectories of epilepsy-specific quality of life among children newly diagnosed with epilepsy. Epilepsy Behav 57:202-210

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