Alcoholic hepatitis (AH) is particularly severe form of alcoholic liver disease (ALD) that affects up to 20% of alcoholics and has a high mortality rate. However, the molecular pathways that trigger AH remain unknown, and therapy for alcoholic hepatitis has not changed over the past 30 years. Notably, targeting inflammatory cytokines such as TNF! or decreasing ROS production have been unsuccessful, and non-specific anti- inflammatory therapy with corticosteroids is only moderately effectively. In this proposal, we will investigate the hypothesis that signature molecules from dying cells, termed damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), contribute to hepatic and systemic inflammation in AH, progenitor cell proliferation, and worsen liver injury and outcome. The proposed research will investigate several DAMPs with known role in sterile inflammation and neutrophil recruitment in the liver with a particular focus on (i) mitochondrial (mt) DAMPs due to their abundance in hepatoyctes and mitochondrial changes in ALD, and (ii) HMGB1, a key DAMP in necrotic liver injury. Our application will employ a combination of human studies in patients with AH and functional mouse studies, to identify key and druggable DAMP pathways with high relevance to AH. The proposed human studies will be performed in collaboration with Project 1, the Human Biorepository Core and the 10 clinical centers of the InTeam Consortium. For functional studies, we will test DAMP pathways in acute-on-chronic models of AH developed together with and performed in part by the Mouse Models Core of this consortium. We will determine the contribution of HMGB1 to AH by measuring HMGB1 levels in AH patients, and determining the contribution of HMGB1 and its receptor RAGE in two acute-on-chronic models of AH in novel conditional HMGB1 knockout mice and RAGE-deficient mice, respectively (Aim 1). To determine the contribution of mtDAMPs formyl peptide, mtDNA and ATP to AH, we will measure mtDNA, formyl peptide receptor 1 (FPR1), P2X7 receptor and Toll-like receptor 9 in patients, and determine their functional contribution in murine AH models using P2X7, FPR1 and TLR9 knockout mice (Aim 2). For both Aim 1 and Aim 2, DAMP and DAMP receptor levels measured in AH patients will be also correlated with clinical parameters and next generation RNA sequencing data generated in Project 1 of this consortium. Finally, we will determine the effect of pharmacologic DAMP and DAMP receptor inhibition for the prevention and treatment of murine AH focusing on inhibition of those pathways that showed the most significant contribution in Aims 1 and 2 (Aim 3). We anticipate to unravel the contribution of DAMPs to hepatic and systemic inflammation in AH, and to establish select DAMPs and their receptors as """"""""druggable"""""""" targets in AH. !

Public Health Relevance

Alcoholic hepatitis (AH) is particularly severe form of alcoholic liver disease (ALD) that affects up to 20% of alcoholics and has a high mortality rate. However, the molecular pathways that trigger AH remain unknown, and therapy for alcoholic hepatitis has not changed over the past 30 years. Here, we will determine whether damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) promote hepatic and systemic inflammation in AH using a !combination of human and murine studies. The proposed experimental strategy will not only reveal the contribution of DAMPs to AH but may also provide a basis for pharmacologically targeting DAMPs in AH.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA)
Type
Research Project--Cooperative Agreements (U01)
Project #
5U01AA021912-02
Application #
8669780
Study Section
Special Emphasis Panel (ZAA1-JJ (07))
Program Officer
Wang, Joe
Project Start
2013-06-01
Project End
2018-05-31
Budget Start
2014-06-01
Budget End
2015-05-31
Support Year
2
Fiscal Year
2014
Total Cost
$385,324
Indirect Cost
$96,236
Name
Columbia University
Department
Internal Medicine/Medicine
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
621889815
City
New York
State
NY
Country
United States
Zip Code
10032
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Chen, Yonglin; Ouyang, Xinshou; Hoque, Rafaz et al. (2018) ?-Hydroxybutyrate protects from alcohol-induced liver injury via a Hcar2-cAMP dependent pathway. J Hepatol 69:687-696
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Garcia-Martinez, Irma; Santoro, Nicola; Chen, Yonglin et al. (2016) Hepatocyte mitochondrial DNA drives nonalcoholic steatohepatitis by activation of TLR9. J Clin Invest 126:859-64
Hernandez, C; Huebener, P; Schwabe, R F (2016) Damage-associated molecular patterns in cancer: a double-edged sword. Oncogene 35:5931-5941

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