Long-term excessive use of alcohol is capable of damaging nearly every organ and system in the body. The adverse effects of chronic alcohol consumption on the brain include not only psychiatric disorders but also severe alcohol-related neuroinflammation and brain damage. Work done by us and others has shown that chronic alcohol exposure causes intestinal oxidative stress, epithelial barrier disruption, enhancement of gut leakiness, and consequent systemic endotoxemia and inflammation. Our recent work has begun to identify specific alcohol-induced alterations in enteric microbiota (dysbiosis), and shows that chronic alcohol consumption leads to a significant expansion of pathogenic gram-negative bacteria that may lead to the development of systemic endotoxemia. Moreover, our earlier work has shown that chronic alcohol exposure increases the expression and activity of phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4), decreases cellular cAMP, and primes monocytes/macrophages, leading to exaggerated expression of endotoxin-inducible inflammatory cytokines, such as TNFa. Additionally, alcohol exposure leads to a deficiency in brain docosahexanoeic acid (DHA) which likely contributes to the development/augmentation of cerebral inflammation and neurodegenerative pathologies. We hypothesize that alcohol-mediated enteric dysbiosis, systemic endotoxemia and elevated inflammatory responses induce/exacerbate alcohol-associated neuropathologies, via TLR4- and PDE4-mediated signaling, DHA deficiency, microglial activation, neuroinflammation and injury. The proposed study is an intramural-extramural collaborative effort that combines the relevant expertise to investigate the complex interactive mechanisms involving intestinal dysbiosis, systemic endotoxemia and inflammatory responses (UofL), and cerebral DHA deficiency in alcohol-induced neuropathologies (NIAAA). Moreover, a translational aspect will examine the therapeutic potential of specific mechanism-based strategies in mitigating alcohol-induced injury.
The Specific aims of the application are:
Aim 1 : Determine alcohol mediated changes in the gut bacterial composition and intestinal permeability and correlate these changes to the development of peripheral endotoxemia and brain inflammation.
Aim 2 : Examine the role of PDE4 in alcohol-induced brain inflammatory signaling associated with DHA deficiency and injury.
Aim 3 : Evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of three intervention strategies targeting (i) enteric dysbiosis, (ii) PDE4 activity, and (iii) DHA deficiency in attenuating alcohol mediated brain inflammation and injury.

Public Health Relevance

Recent work indicates that the brain is an important target for alcohol-induced damage and is often associated with gut-generated signals. Findings from this project could provide important mechanisms by which alcohol-induced pathology in the gut influences the brain inflammatory responses often observed in alcohol abuse. Moreover, the findings from this study would be significant in the development of successful preventive and therapeutic strategies in most-at-risk populations.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA)
Type
Research Project--Cooperative Agreements (U01)
Project #
5U01AA022618-02
Application #
9332298
Study Section
National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Initial Review Group (AA)
Program Officer
Wang, Joe
Project Start
2016-08-15
Project End
2021-07-31
Budget Start
2017-08-01
Budget End
2018-07-31
Support Year
2
Fiscal Year
2017
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
University of Louisville
Department
Internal Medicine/Medicine
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
057588857
City
Louisville
State
KY
Country
United States
Zip Code
40292
Avila, Diana V; Myers, Scott A; Zhang, JingWen et al. (2017) Phosphodiesterase 4b expression plays a major role in alcohol-induced neuro-inflammation. Neuropharmacology 125:376-385
McClain, Craig; Barve, Shirish (2017) A tale of two institutions. J Hepatol 66:682-684