? The long-term objective of this application is to create and validate a diagnostic tool (a resequencing microarray), that will permit rapid detection of nosocomial pathogens, Clostridium difficile, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacterspp., Enterobacterspp., Klebsiella spp., Serratia marcescens, Proteus mirabilis and Stenotrophomonas maltophila as well as their antibiotic resistance gene polymorphisms within 8 hours. The team of investigators involved in this application represents a multidisciplinary group of scientists involved in the molecular detection of bacteria in environmental and clinical samples. Drs. Andersen, Brodie and DeSantis of LBNL have created a number of microarrays e.g. the 16S rRNA PhyloChip that detects all known bacteria and archaea. Drs. Lynch and Flanagan of UCSF have previously used the PhyloChip to describe bacterial community dynamics associated with antimicrobial resistant pathogen proliferation in clinical samples from critically ill patients during antimicrobial administration. Drs. Wiener-Kronish and Miller of UCSF are physician-scientists. Drs. MacDougall and Yang of UCSF are antimicrobial pharmacists, who will obtain clinical samples for testing and validation. Dr. Foxall will bring the industrial expertise of Affymetrix, world leaders in microarray development, to make the proposed tool a clinical device based on the latest state-of-the-science technology. Dr. Segal of UCSF is a statistician and bioinformatics expert with particular expertise in microarray analysis. The proposed process involves selection of regions of genetic variation in biomarkers and antibiotic resistance determinants for pathogen identification and antibiotic resistance phenotype prediction; design and fabrication of an Affymetrix platform resequencing microarray, to be named the Bacterial Antibiotic Resistance GeneChip or BARChip which will interrogate each nucleotide position at the discriminatory loci selected; optimization of target preparation and hybridization processes to decrease time to result; clinical sample collection for final resequencing array validation in a CLIA certified laboratory followed by blinded validation of the BARChip with these prospectively collected clinical samples in the final year of the proposed project. This application would lead to the development of a diagnostic test that could rapidly determine whether a patient has a bacterial infection. The test would permit physicians to rapidly choose appropriate antibiotic(s) to treat the bacterial infection; this tool will also identify the strain of bacteria infecting patients, so outbreaks of infection could be rapidly identified and controlled. ? ? ?

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
Type
Research Project--Cooperative Agreements (U01)
Project #
5U01AI075410-02
Application #
7476538
Study Section
Special Emphasis Panel (ZAI1-AR-M (M1))
Program Officer
Ritchie, Alec
Project Start
2007-08-01
Project End
2012-07-31
Budget Start
2008-08-01
Budget End
2009-07-31
Support Year
2
Fiscal Year
2008
Total Cost
$711,323
Indirect Cost
Name
University of California San Francisco
Department
Anesthesiology
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
094878337
City
San Francisco
State
CA
Country
United States
Zip Code
94143
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Iwai, Shoko; Huang, Delphine; Fong, Serena et al. (2014) The lung microbiome of Ugandan HIV-infected pneumonia patients is compositionally and functionally distinct from that of San Franciscan patients. PLoS One 9:e95726
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Schwarzer, Christian; Fu, Zhu; Patanwala, Maria et al. (2012) Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm-associated homoserine lactone C12 rapidly activates apoptosis in airway epithelia. Cell Microbiol 14:698-709
Han, Meilan K; Huang, Yvonne J; Lipuma, John J et al. (2012) Significance of the microbiome in obstructive lung disease. Thorax 67:456-63
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Huang, Yvonne J; Nelson, Craig E; Brodie, Eoin L et al. (2011) Airway microbiota and bronchial hyperresponsiveness in patients with suboptimally controlled asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 127:372-381.e1-3
DeSantis, Todd Z; Keller, Keith; Karaoz, Ulas et al. (2011) Simrank: Rapid and sensitive general-purpose k-mer search tool. BMC Ecol 11:11

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