Pfs28 has been shown to induce antibodies that can block parasite development in mosquitoes. However, the protein is poorly immunogenic. Inspired by success of the conjugation stratagy for increasing the immunogenicity of the Pfs25, we also developed a process to conjugate Pfs28 to rEPA. Various conjugation chemistries and methods were evaluated for the optimal immunogenicity and the robust conjugation processes. The biochemical properties of the Pfs28-rEPA were characterized and the conjugates were evaluated in animals for their immunogenicity. The immune sera induced by the conjugate vaccine were tested for their ability to block parasite development in mosquitoes.? In parallel, we are also conjugating Pvs28, an ookinete surface protein in Plasmodium vivax parasite and encoded by an orthorlog gene of Pfs28, to rEPA. The Pvs28-rEPA will be combined with Pfs25-rEPA as a two-component vaccine to broaden the immune coverage and increase the vaccine efficacy.
