The elucidation and characterization of genes necessary for establishing pattern formation during morphogenesis and the study of their regulation are problems which are central to many aspects of vertebrate biology. It may be expected that processes including responses to trophic stimuli, cell-cell interactions, migration, differential cell multiplication, programmed cell death, etc. are all involved. Many of these same processes are recapitulated in a pathologic manner during oncogenesis. Chick limb development is an attractive system for studying the molecular basis for pattern formation during morphogenesis. Critical events at the level of tissue/cellular interactions involved in pattern formation have been well characterized in this organism, the events regulating pattern formation appear to be overall very similar to those in mammalian systems, and this system is readily amenable to biochemical and molecular analysis as well as studies involving microsurgical manipulation. It is the aim of this long-term project to isolate genes that regulate morphogenesis in the chick embryo limb bud. Two general types of approaches are being developed to achieve this aim: 1) the generation of subtracted cDNA libraries enriched for potential regulatory and induced genes; and 2) the identification of related/new members of conserved gene families that have been implicated in developmental regulatory processes in other systems. Currently, two new members of the homeobox gene family have been identified which are selectively expressed in limb buds during early development. One of these genes is expressed in a graded fashion along the A-P axis of the limb and is 4 to 5 fold more abundant in wing than leg buds, suggesting possible roles in pattern formation and/or the determination of limb-type identity. The second gene appears to be selectively expressed later in developing limb buds and might play a role in later morphogenetic events such as remodeling.
