Smoking cigarettes during pregnancy adversely affects pregnancy outcomes. Smokeless tobacco is thought to be a safer alternative to smoking because combusion products are not generated. We are studying the effects of smokeless tobacco on pregnancy outcomes in a retrospective cohort study of women in the Swedish Medical Birth Register. We will compare pregnancy outcomes of those who used snuff daily, but did not smoke cigarettes; those who smoked cigarettes daily, but did not use snuff; and those who used neither product. Associations between tobacco exposure and birth weight, preterm delivery, and preeclampsia will be examined.
| England, Lucinda J; Levine, Richard J; Mills, James L et al. (2003) Adverse pregnancy outcomes in snuff users. Am J Obstet Gynecol 189:939-43 |
