The objective of this pilot study is to establish methods to investigate the incorporation of genetic tests into the primary care setting. While research to date has provided data on the provision of genetic testing for classical Mendelian disorders and the associated issues for genetic counseling, it does not address the anticipated changes in the utilization of genetic tests. More testing likely will be done in the primary care setting without the support of genetic counselors. In addition, the tests are likely to be extended to include polymorphisms that influence risks of common diseases, just as cholesterol influences the risk for heart disease. The data from this pilot study will aid in the design of a clinical trial employing genetic tests for risk assessment in a primary care setting. Such clinical trials are needed to assess the safety and efficacy of the routine use of genetic testing in the primary care setting prior to their clinical integration. The model we have selected is genetic testing for increased risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). Established screening interventions are demonstrated to have an impact on the development of CRC in the average risk population. However, adherence to screening recommendations is generally low. The population to be studied will include adult patients over the age of 50, for whom CRC screening is a standard clinical care recommendation. Patients will be offered a genetic and environmental risk assessment(GERA) based on information about their MTHFR allele status, serum folate levels, and dietary history. CRC screening will be recommended for all patients, regardless of whether they decide to have the GERA or their GERA results. In the pilot study, 30 adults are being offered the GERA during a visit with a primary care physician who is affiliated with the Jefferson Health Care System. All patients are counseled to follow up with an American Cancer Society recommended CRC screening strategy. Through attitude and knowledge surveys (at one week, one month and one year) and a final chart review, we will determine whether incorporating such genetic testing improves adherence to clinical recommendations for CRC screening. The main outcome measure will be patient participation in a CRC screening test. To date, 15 subjects have been enrolled.
| Freund, Carol L; Clayton, Ellen W; Wilfond, Benjamin S (2004) Natural settings trials--improving the introduction of clinical genetic tests. J Law Med Ethics 32:106-10 |
