The goal of this set of projects is to use functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to compare the degree to which brain regions of adolescents and adults are engaged by tasks involving processing of emotionally salient stimuli. Based on developmental continuities in the relevant psychological processes, we anticipate considerable similarity across age groups in the topography of brain regions engaged by relevant tasks. However, we hypothesize that developmental differences in cortico-limbic circuits of adolescents and adults will be reflected in patterns of fMRI activation. Specifically, we hypothesize in both adults and adolescents that attention, threat perception, and memory tasks involving the processing of emotionally salient stimuli will engage the amygdala, cingulate gyrus, and association cortex of medial/inferior prefrontal cortex and temporal regions. Nevertheless, height of task-associated activation is hypothesized to differ between adolescents and adults within these regions. Moreover, prior studies distinguish puberty vs. age-related aspects of cognitive development: some aspects of attention, threat perception, or memory development relate to changes in chronological age whereas other aspects, particularly those involving emotional processes, relate to pubertal status. Therefore, we expect eventually to use emotion-evoking fMRI tasks to test hypotheses on the presence of complementary, distinguishable puberty vs. age-related components of brain development. Due to the limited fMRI database on neurodevelopmental aspects of emotional processes, one initial goal of the current project is to compare brain activation patterns in adults and adolescents, irrespective of pubertal status. A second initial goal is to generate behavioral data in adults and adolescents designed to inform the implementation of future fMRI tasks. Studies accomplishing both goals will facilitate eventual studies designed to distinguish puberty vs. age-related aspects of brain development. ? ? To meet these initial goals, the current project implemented a series of studies during the first three years in which data have been collected. For our fMRI studies, brain activation profiles were examined to four sets of emotionally evocative stimuli. This included evocative faces, standardized emotion-inducing picture sets, monetary feedback during a decision task, and threat of a mildly aversive air-puff. In total, an initial set of five fMRI studies were completed in samples of between 14 and 17 psychiatrically healthy adults. Two additional fMRI studies were completed in samples of between 14 and 17 psychiatrically healthy adolescents. During the past year, these experiments have been replicated in additional cohorts of healthy adolescents and adults. In each of these, hypothesized brain activation patterns emerged. Some of these tasks involve face emotion processing whereas others rely on simulated social interactions. Results from these studies are summarized in multiple publications from our group. In an effort to replicate these associations, we have acquired further data sets in other samples that are larger than the initial data sets. We will be analyzing these data during the coming year, with the plan of also publishing these findings. ? ? Finally, for our behavioral studies, neuropsychological data were gathered to facilitate the development of new fMRI tasks. These included data on four additional tasks. In these tasks, between 20-60 subjects were studied, including approximately equal numbers of adolescents and adults. Three additional manuscripts using these data have been submitted and are under-review. We are also in the process of analyzing other data and preparing research reports for other tasks.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)
Type
Intramural Research (Z01)
Project #
1Z01MH002780-06
Application #
7594531
Study Section
Project Start
Project End
Budget Start
Budget End
Support Year
6
Fiscal Year
2007
Total Cost
$855,884
Indirect Cost
Name
U.S. National Institute of Mental Health
Department
Type
DUNS #
City
State
Country
United States
Zip Code
Maheu, Francoise S; Merke, Deborah P; Schroth, Elizabeth A et al. (2008) Steroid abnormalities and the developing brain: declarative memory for emotionally arousing and neutral material in children with congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Psychoneuroendocrinology 33:238-45
Beesdo, Katja; Bittner, Antje; Pine, Daniel S et al. (2007) Incidence of social anxiety disorder and the consistent risk for secondary depression in the first three decades of life. Arch Gen Psychiatry 64:903-12
Guyer, Amanda E; McClure, Erin B; Adler, Abby D et al. (2007) Specificity of facial expression labeling deficits in childhood psychopathology. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 48:863-71
Hudziak, James J; Achenbach, Thomas M; Althoff, Robert R et al. (2007) A dimensional approach to developmental psychopathology. Int J Methods Psychiatr Res 16 Suppl 1 2007:S16-23
Ernst, Monique; Maheu, Francoise S; Schroth, Elizabeth et al. (2007) Amygdala function in adolescents with congenital adrenal hyperplasia: a model for the study of early steroid abnormalities. Neuropsychologia 45:2104-13
Mitchell, D G V; Nakic, M; Fridberg, D et al. (2007) The impact of processing load on emotion. Neuroimage 34:1299-309
Eshel, Neir; Nelson, Eric E; Blair, R James et al. (2007) Neural substrates of choice selection in adults and adolescents: development of the ventrolateral prefrontal and anterior cingulate cortices. Neuropsychologia 45:1270-9
Ernst, Monique; Pine, Daniel S; Hardin, Michael (2006) Triadic model of the neurobiology of motivated behavior in adolescence. Psychol Med 36:299-312
Blair, R J R; Peschardt, K S; Budhani, S et al. (2006) The development of psychopathy. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 47:262-76
Lissek, Shmuel; Pine, Daniel S; Grillon, Christian (2006) The strong situation: a potential impediment to studying the psychobiology and pharmacology of anxiety disorders. Biol Psychol 72:265-70

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