Abstract

Neuroinflammatory responses may be dependent on the initiation of innate immune responses triggered by the stimulation of intrinsic brain cells by pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), repeated structural motifs generated by microbes that are not normally found in the host or by debris from apoptotic or necrotic cells following injury. However, there is a lack of basic understanding of which cell types in the brain respond to stimulation of PRRs, as well as the pathways of neuroinflammation, neuroprotection and/or neuronal damage induced when these PRRs are activated on different cell types. Understanding the mechanism of PRR-induced activation of different cell types in the CNS is important for understanding viral pathogenesis as well as identifying potential pathways for therapeutic treatments. Our laboratory has focused on understanding the response of intrinsic brain cells following PRR activation or during virus infection and determining the downstream effects of innate immune activation on neuroinflammation and neuropathogenesis. In FY2014, we examined age related differences in neuroinflammatory responses and demonstrated that microglia in neonates are more responsive to immune stimuli and inducing inflammatory responses than microglia in adults (Christensen, L.B. et.al. J. Neuroinflamm. 2014). We further examined the differences in this population and demonstrated that expression of the SLAMF7 associated with this inflammatory microglia phenotype. In addition, we collaborated with investigators at Tulane University to demonstrate that damaged oligodendrocytes induced TLR2-mediated activation of microglia and inflammation in a mouse model of globoid cell leukodystrophy (Snook, E.R. et.al. Am. J. Pathol, 2014). Additionally, we provided additional analysis of our previous studies as well as recent publications by others on the potential mechanisms by which microRNAs regulated neuronal responses through interactions with TLR7 (Winkler, C.W., et.al. Science Signal., 2014)

  Funding Agency

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
Type
Investigator-Initiated Intramural Research Projects (ZIA)
Project #
1ZIAAI001101-06
Application #
8946481
Study Section
Project Start
Project End
Budget Start
Budget End
Support Year
6
Fiscal Year
2014
Total Cost
Indirect Cost

  Institution

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Niaid Extramural Activities
Department
Type
DUNS #
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  Publications

Madeddu, Silvia; Woods, Tyson A; Mukherjee, Piyali et al. (2015) Identification of Glial Activation Markers by Comparison of Transcriptome Changes between Astrocytes and Microglia following Innate Immune Stimulation. PLoS One 10:e0127336
Gershburg, Svetlana; Geltz, Joshua; Peterson, Karin E et al. (2015) The UL13 and US3 Protein Kinases of Herpes Simplex Virus 1 Cooperate to Promote the Assembly and Release of Mature, Infectious Virions. PLoS One 10:e0131420
Christensen, Leah B; Woods, Tyson A; Carmody, Aaron B et al. (2014) Age-related differences in neuroinflammatory responses associated with a distinct profile of regulatory markers on neonatal microglia. J Neuroinflammation 11:70
Evans, Leonard H; Boi, Stefano; Malik, Frank et al. (2014) Analysis of two monoclonal antibodies reactive with envelope proteins of murine retroviruses: one pan specific antibody and one specific for Moloney leukemia virus. J Virol Methods 200:47-53
Snook, Eric R; Fisher-Perkins, Jeanne M; Sansing, Hope A et al. (2014) Innate immune activation in the pathogenesis of a murine model of globoid cell leukodystrophy. Am J Pathol 184:382-96
Winkler, Clayton W; Taylor, Katherine G; Peterson, Karin E (2014) Location is everything: let-7b microRNA and TLR7 signaling results in a painful TRP. Sci Signal 7:pe14
Grasperge, Britton J; Morgan, Timothy W; Paddock, Christopher D et al. (2014) Feeding by Amblyomma maculatum (Acari: Ixodidae) enhances Rickettsia parkeri (Rickettsiales: Rickettsiaceae) infection in the skin. J Med Entomol 51:855-63
Baker, David G; Woods, Tyson A; Butchi, Niranjan B et al. (2013) Toll-like receptor 7 suppresses virus replication in neurons but does not affect viral pathogenesis in a mouse model of Langat virus infection. J Gen Virol 94:336-47
Lopez, Job E; Wilder, Hannah K; Hargrove, Reid et al. (2013) Development of genetic system to inactivate a Borrelia turicatae surface protein selectively produced within the salivary glands of the arthropod vector. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 7:e2514
Butchi, Niranjan B; Woods, Tyson; Du, Min et al. (2011) TLR7 and TLR9 trigger distinct neuroinflammatory responses in the CNS. Am J Pathol 179:783-94

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