Our work in this period has particularly focused on understanding mechanisms implicated in the development of Th17 immune responses at the gingival barrier. The development of Th17 responses at other barriers, such as the skin and gastrointestinal (GI) tract, has been linked to tissue-specific factors, particularly colonization by niche-specific commensals. However, little is known regarding the development of tissue immunity at the oral barrier. Consequently, it is not known how Th17 cells are induced in the oral environment. Our work reveals that Th17 cells expand with age in the gingiva independent of microbial colonization, since the number of gingival Th17 cells in germ-free mice (GF) is comparable numbers to that in specific pathogen free (SPF) mice. These data starkly contrast with the developmental pathway for Th17 cells at other barrier sites such as the skin and gut, where Th17 cell development is dependent upon commensal colonization. Thus, residence of Th17 cells in the gingiva takes place via mechanisms distinct from those employed at other barrier sites. In the gingiva, accumulation of Th17 cells occurred in response to the physiological barrier damage that results from mastication/chewing. Therefore, ongoing mechanical damage is a tissue-specific cue that triggers immune responsiveness. Underscoring the vital role of mastication-induced barrier damage in local immune function, mice placed on a soft diet, and, that have reduced gingival barrier damage, had reduced numbers of gingival Th17 cells. By contrast, mice on a hardened diet, or following acute but mild gingival injury/abrasion, exhibited elevated frequencies of gingival Th17 cells. Damage-induced Th17 cells were shown to arise in an IL6- and antigen-dependent manner, through amplification of local resident Th17 cells. Importantly, physiologic damage-induced Th17 cells promoted the induction of protective innate barrier defenses. These data demonstrate the pivotal role of a physiological function such as mastication as a central regulator of barrier immunity, and highlight the importance of understanding unique local cues in the study of tissue immunity. Our ongoing work is currently interrogating mechanisms by which Th17 cells become expanded in the setting of periodontal disease and their role in the process of disease pathology.

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Project End
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Budget End
Support Year
9
Fiscal Year
2018
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
Dental & Craniofacial Research
Department
Type
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Moutsopoulos, Niki M; Konkel, Joanne E (2018) Tissue-Specific Immunity at the Oral Mucosal Barrier. Trends Immunol 39:276-287
Konkel, J E; Moutsopoulos, N M (2018) Unique Tailoring of Th17 at the Gingival Oral Mucosal Barrier. J Dent Res 97:128-131
Abusleme, Loreto; Hong, Bo-Young; Hoare, Anilei et al. (2017) Oral Microbiome Characterization in Murine Models. Bio Protoc 7:
Dutzan, Nicolas; Abusleme, Loreto; Bridgeman, Hayley et al. (2017) On-going Mechanical Damage from Mastication Drives Homeostatic Th17 Cell Responses at the Oral Barrier. Immunity 46:133-147
Abusleme, L; Moutsopoulos, N M (2017) IL-17: overview and role in oral immunity and microbiome. Oral Dis 23:854-865
Dutzan, Nicolas; Konkel, Joanne E; Greenwell-Wild, Teresa et al. (2016) Characterization of the human immune cell network at the gingival barrier. Mucosal Immunol 9:1163-1172
Dutzan, Nicolas; Abusleme, Loreto; Konkel, Joanne E et al. (2016) Isolation, Characterization and Functional Examination of the Gingival Immune Cell Network. J Vis Exp :53736
Konig, Maximilian F; Abusleme, Loreto; Reinholdt, Jesper et al. (2016) Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans-induced hypercitrullination links periodontal infection to autoimmunity in rheumatoid arthritis. Sci Transl Med 8:369ra176
Hajishengallis, George; Moutsopoulos, Niki M (2014) Etiology of leukocyte adhesion deficiency-associated periodontitis revisited: not a raging infection but a raging inflammatory response. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 10:973-5
Moutsopoulos, Niki M; Konkel, Joanne; Sarmadi, Mojgan et al. (2014) Defective neutrophil recruitment in leukocyte adhesion deficiency type I disease causes local IL-17-driven inflammatory bone loss. Sci Transl Med 6:229ra40

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