This award will support a small meeting of 4-6 experts, for the purpose of planning a major international synthesis activity on "Ecological Foundations of a Sustainable Biosphere." The meeting will be held in Providence, RI, in March or April 2006. The main product from this meeting will be an outline of the crosscutting themes in fundamental ecology of relevance to the issue of environmental sustainability. This meeting builds on the Sustainable Biosphere Initiative promoting in 1991 by the Ecological Society of America.