This award provides funds to support US participants at the joint Brazilian School of Probability and summer meeting of the Institute of Mathematical Statistics in Rio de Janeiro, July 2006. This tenth meeting of the Brazilian School of probability features two mini-courses conducted by renowned experts in actively developing areas of probability, and a set of invited lectures emphasizing recent results that strives to present frontline research to experts, young researchers, and advanced graduate students. The joint summer meeting of the Institute of Mathematical Statistics features a symposium on probability and stochastic processes and collection of special sessions in statistics. The mix of the two programs promotes interaction between international groups in the probability and statistics communities.