Adolescence is a peak time for the onset of mental illnesses, with anxiety being the most common disorder and affecting as many as 1 in 10 youth. A core feature of anxiety disorders is difficulty identifying when situations that have been experienced as threatening in the past are currently safe. Despite substantial changes in the neural circuitry supporting emotion regulation and fear extinction across development, interventions for youth are largely based on treatment principles studied and implemented in adulthood. The primary goal of this application is to investigate the efficacy of safety signal learning as a novel method of fear reduction targeting the biological state of the developing brain. Rodent studies have shown that safety signals effectively reduce anxiety to treat and prevent the development of new fears. This learning relies largely on the hippocampus, a region that shows significant development from childhood to adolescence. Yet safety signal learning remains largely unexplored in humans, especially during adolescence when anxiety peaks. The proposed research adapts a paradigm used in animal studies to test the efficacy of safety signals across development in healthy children and adolescents and those with anxiety disorders.
Aim 1 will examine the normative development of safety signal learning and related hippocampal-frontoamygdala circuitry across childhood and adolescence.
Aim 2 will test safety signal learning for reducing fear among anxious children and adolescents and test the hypothesis that hippocampal-frontoamygdala circuitry deviates from typical development in these individuals.
Aim 3 will examine how type and severity of anxiety relate to safety signal learning and hippocampal- frontoamygdala development. Understanding these neurodevelopmental changes and the roles that they play in both the emergence of illness onset and in treatment efficacy is critical to alleviating the high psychological and economic burden that psychiatric disorders have on the individual and on society. This project is expected to have direct implications for the timing and types of intervention for child and adolescent anxiety, fillng a large gap in the current literature.

Public Health Relevance

This project will examine the efficacy of safety signal learning for fear reduction and its neurobiological basis across development in anxious and non-anxious youth. Understanding these neurodevelopmental changes and the roles that they play in both the emergence of illness onset and in treatment efficacy is critical to alleviating the high psychological and economic burden that psychiatric disorders have on the individual and on society. This project is expected to have direct implications for the timing and types of intervention for child and adolescent anxiety.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
Office of The Director, National Institutes of Health (OD)
Type
Early Independence Award (DP5)
Project #
7DP5OD021370-02
Application #
9314714
Study Section
Special Emphasis Panel (ZRG1-RPHB-W (53)R)
Program Officer
Basavappa, Ravi
Project Start
2015-09-11
Project End
2020-08-31
Budget Start
2016-09-01
Budget End
2017-08-31
Support Year
2
Fiscal Year
2016
Total Cost
$251,250
Indirect Cost
$101,250
Name
Yale University
Department
Psychology
Type
Schools of Arts and Sciences
DUNS #
043207562
City
New Haven
State
CT
Country
United States
Zip Code
06520
Gee, Dylan G; Bath, Kevin G; Johnson, Carolyn M et al. (2018) Neurocognitive Development of Motivated Behavior: Dynamic Changes across Childhood and Adolescence. J Neurosci 38:9433-9445
Meyer, Heidi C; Lee, Francis S; Gee, Dylan G (2018) The Role of the Endocannabinoid System and Genetic Variation in Adolescent Brain Development. Neuropsychopharmacology 43:21-33
Casey, B J; Heller, Aaron S; Gee, Dylan G et al. (2017) Development of the emotional brain. Neurosci Lett :
Gee, Dylan G (2016) Sensitive Periods of Emotion Regulation: Influences of Parental Care on Frontoamygdala Circuitry and Plasticity. New Dir Child Adolesc Dev 2016:87-110
Gee, Dylan G; Fetcho, Robert N; Jing, Deqiang et al. (2016) Individual differences in frontolimbic circuitry and anxiety emerge with adolescent changes in endocannabinoid signaling across species. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 113:4500-5
Aldao, Amelia; Gee, Dylan G; De Los Reyes, Andres et al. (2016) Emotion regulation as a transdiagnostic factor in the development of internalizing and externalizing psychopathology: Current and future directions. Dev Psychopathol 28:927-946