It is now well-appreciated that mitochondrial dysfunction can play an important role in the process of aging, as well as the pathology of age-related diseases, such as Parkinson's Disease (PD). Despite our improved understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying mitochondrial derangement, there is a paucity of effective treatments, largely because few therapeutic targets have been identified.1 To address this issue, a powerful new haploid genetic screening platform in human cells2 was used to identify genes, loss-of-function of which could confer resistance to mitochondrial dysfunction induced by antimycin, a mitochondrial toxin. Treatment of cells with antimycin mimics the pathology of many different mitochondrial disease states and thus the genes identified in this screen could be novel therapeutic targets. To investigate the potential mechanisms of resistance associated with specific gene loss, relevant aspects of mitochondrial physiology, such as mass, respiratory activity, membrane potential, and reactive oxygen species generation, will be assessed. Importantly, the potential of each gene in conferring resistance to disease phenotypes will be studied in three different systems: cell lines treated with pharmacological inhibitors of mitochondrial function;cell lines derived from patients with mitochondrial disorders;and mouse models of mitochondrial dysfunction, such as PD. It is our hope that the biological processes identified through such a screen may eventually serve as novel targets for inhibition via pharmacological methods or gene therapy.

Public Health Relevance

There is strong evidence that aging and age-related diseases may be caused by dysfunction of mitochondria, the energy-making powerhouses of human cells. Unfortunately, treatments for such disease-states are lacking in both number and efficacy. To address this, we have used a genetic screen to identify novel therapeutic targets that may ameliorate human mitochondrial pathology.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute on Aging (NIA)
Type
Individual Predoctoral NRSA for M.D./Ph.D. Fellowships (ADAMHA) (F30)
Project #
5F30AG046047-02
Application #
8733419
Study Section
Special Emphasis Panel (ZRG1)
Program Officer
Chen, Wen G
Project Start
2013-09-01
Project End
2016-08-31
Budget Start
2014-09-01
Budget End
2015-08-31
Support Year
2
Fiscal Year
2014
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
Harvard Medical School
Department
Internal Medicine/Medicine
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
City
Boston
State
MA
Country
United States
Zip Code
02115
Chen, Walter W; Freinkman, Elizaveta; Wang, Tim et al. (2016) Absolute Quantification of Matrix Metabolites Reveals the Dynamics of Mitochondrial Metabolism. Cell 166:1324-1337.e11
Chen, Walter W; Birsoy, Kivanc; Mihaylova, Maria M et al. (2014) Inhibition of ATPIF1 ameliorates severe mitochondrial respiratory chain dysfunction in mammalian cells. Cell Rep 7:27-34