The newly described collagen fragment proline-glycine-proline (PGP) drives chronic neutrophilic inflammatory responses and appears to play a role in COPD pathogenesis. Prolyl endopeptidase (PE) is a particularly important serine protease because it has been shown to catalyze the final step in a proteolytic cascade required to generate PGP from collagen. Consequently, PE would seem to represent a very attractive new target for future therapeutics related to COPD. However because recognition of the role of PE in chronic inflammation is so new, certain fundamental aspects of the regulation of this protease in the context of lung disease remains poorly understood. This revised proposal will fill in this void of knowledge by highlighting new evidence from the PI's laboratory demonstrating that PE is released from airway epithelial cells via exosomes. This application focuses on a unique feed-forward pathway of PE expression and PGP generation in cigarette smoke (CS) exposure and COPD with particular emphasis on endogenous CXCR ligand signaling.
The aims i n this proposal are thematically linked to each other (through high quality in vitro, in vivo models and ex vivo clinicl specimens) and are carefully crafted to improve our understanding of this pathway and its relevance to COPD lung disease.
Specific aim 1 a will examine the regulation and release of PE from primary airway epithelial cells by CXC ligands, highlighting the potential of PE release via exosomes, identifying the intracellular pathways involved in the release, and determining the impact of this release on ex vivo PGP generation from collagen.
Specific aim 1 b will determine the impact of cigarette smoke (CS) on the regulation of PE and PGP production, with specific targeting of CXC receptors and PE with novel therapeutic compounds.
The second aim of this grant will focus on PE inhibition as a therapeutic approach in a chronic CS model of COPD. This will be examined utilizing a genetic deletion of PE (the PREP-/- mouse) to examine if there is amelioration of the observed inflammatory response and phenotype with chronic CS exposure. This model will also be examined in testing a new PE inhibitor S- 17092, currently in clinical trials for neurodegenerative disease, as a lead anti-inflammatory therapeutic in this model of COPD lung disease.
The final aim will involve the collection of clinical biospecimens via bronchoscopy from patients with COPD to determine the presence of PE-rich exosomes and PGP peptides compared to individuals without lung disease. The successful completion of these aims will lead to an increased understanding of the regulation and release of PE in the extracellular environment and the downstream effects of its unfettered protease activity. In doing so, these studies may result in the development of a new biomarker and therapeutic target for COPD.

Public Health Relevance

COPD is a condition with increasing prevalence and mortality in the United States and worldwide. In addition, COPD is a significant health issue in the VA patient population with over 20% of these individuals carrying the diagnosis of COPD and it is felt that this is still an underrepresentation of the burden of disease in this population. COPD exacerbations account for approximately 16% of all VA admissions. As such, improved understanding of the pathophysiology and the subsequent development of novel therapies, which may temper COPD progression or reduce overall number of COPD exacerbations in the VA population, may lead to significant changes in costs, and improve disease-related outcomes.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
Veterans Affairs (VA)
Type
Non-HHS Research Projects (I01)
Project #
1I01BX001756-01A2
Application #
8734624
Study Section
Respiration (PULM)
Project Start
2014-10-01
Project End
2018-09-30
Budget Start
2014-10-01
Budget End
2015-09-30
Support Year
1
Fiscal Year
2015
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
Birmingham VA Medical Center
Department
Type
DUNS #
082140880
City
Birmingham
State
AL
Country
United States
Zip Code
35233
Russell, Derek W; Gaggar, Amit (2018) ADAM9: A Damaging Player in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 198:1465-1466
Payne, Gregory A; Li, Jindong; Xu, Xin et al. (2017) The Matrikine Acetylated Proline-Glycine-Proline Couples Vascular Inflammation and Acute Cardiac Rejection. Sci Rep 7:7563
Lal, Charitharth V; Xu, Xin; Jackson, Patricia et al. (2017) Ureaplasma infection-mediated release of matrix metalloproteinase-9 and PGP: a novel mechanism of preterm rupture of membranes and chorioamnionitis. Pediatr Res 81:75-79
Xu, Xin; Abdalla, Tarek; Bratcher, Preston E et al. (2017) Doxycycline improves clinical outcomes during cystic fibrosis exacerbations. Eur Respir J 49:
Szul, Tomasz; Castaldi, Peter; Cho, Michael H et al. (2016) Genetic regulation of expression of leukotriene A4 hydrolase. ERJ Open Res 2:
Raju, S Vamsee; Kim, Hyunki; Byzek, Stephen A et al. (2016) A ferret model of COPD-related chronic bronchitis. JCI Insight 1:e87536
Bratcher, Preston E; Rowe, Steven M; Reeves, Ginger et al. (2016) Alterations in blood leukocytes of G551D-bearing cystic fibrosis patients undergoing treatment with ivacaftor. J Cyst Fibros 15:67-73
Szul, Tomasz; Bratcher, Preston E; Fraser, Kyle B et al. (2016) Toll-Like Receptor 4 Engagement Mediates Prolyl Endopeptidase Release from Airway Epithelia via Exosomes. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 54:359-69
Oh, Joo-Yeun; Hamm, Jennifer; Xu, Xin et al. (2016) Absorbance and redox based approaches for measuring free heme and free hemoglobin in biological matrices. Redox Biol 9:167-177
Gaggar, Amit; Weathington, Nathaniel (2016) Bioactive extracellular matrix fragments in lung health and disease. J Clin Invest 126:3176-84

Showing the most recent 10 out of 14 publications