Impact and Cost-effectiveness of Safer Conception Strategies for HIV prevention This mentored research project will investigate an urgent public health problem that has been neglected in HIV prevention research: the reproductive needs of HIV-discordant couples who desire pregnancy. Across sub-Saharan Africa, the vast majority of HIV-infected individuals are adults of reproductive age. The HIV prevention literature has almost exclusively focused on strategies to prevent sexual HIV transmission in the context of promoting 100% condom use, which is not compatible with conception, and strategies to prevent HIV after conception has occurred, e.g., prevention of transmission from mother to child during pregnancy, labor and delivery, or breastfeeding. While several reviews on safer conception and HIV prevention have been published and clinical guidelines have recently been developed, there has been no systematic research to examine the costs, potential impact and cost-effectiveness, or actual preferences for different strategies of safer conception. My proposed mentored research plan will address this critical gap in HIV prevention research. It is comprised of two phases: the first phase a small mixed methods demonstration project to pilot test the safer conception guidelines in Kenya; and the second, a study to estimate costs and model the potential impact and cost- effectiveness of the guidelines.These phases will address the following aims: (1) Conduct a mixed-methods demonstration project to (i) characterize adherence to and preferences for different safer conception strategies, and (ii) estimate parameters necessary to model the impact of and design a large-scale evaluation of a combination safer conception program in this setting. I will, with a Kenyan research team, use quantitative and qualitative methodologies to characterize uptake, adherence to, and patient and provider preferences for different safer conception strategies, and generate critical preliminary estimates of process and impact outcomes, and inter-clinic variability in outcomes. The findings from this work will lay the groundwork for Aims 2 and 3; (2) Estimate the cost, and model the impact and cost-effectiveness of different strategies for safer conception for HIV-discordant couples in Nyanza Province, Kenya. I will carry out micro- costing and time and motion studies during the implementation of the demonstration project (above) to gather estimates on resources required for providing safer conception options. I will use data from the demonstration project and appropriate historical cohorts to model the potential impact and cost-effectiveness of different strategies of safer conception interventions for HIV prevention among discordant couples in this setting; (3) Develop a preliminary plan for a combination safer conception intervention to prevent HIV transmission among HIV discordant couples in Nyanza. In participatory workshops with local stakeholders, we will critically evaluate the research findings, identify potential challenges, define the safer conception intervention package, and develop an intervention plan. In year 4, I will submit an R-series application to the NIH for a large-scale study to determine the impact and estimate the cost-effectiveness of the intervention.

Public Health Relevance

Impact and Cost-effectiveness of Safer Conception Strategies for HIV prevention. This program of research has a strong potential to contribute to understanding the reproductive health needs of HIV-affected populations. Understanding preferences for and adherence to safer conception in this population, and measuring the impact and cost-effectiveness of different strategies of safer conception, are critical to inform future scale up of safer conception programs. Results of this research will inform HIV and family planning services in Kenya and throughout sub-Saharan Africa, enabling country programs to design and implement acceptable, cost-effective interventions with the potential to improve reproductive health and prevent HIV infection.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)
Type
Research Scientist Development Award - Research & Training (K01)
Project #
4K01MH100994-04
Application #
9036456
Study Section
Behavioral and Social Science Approaches to Preventing HIV/AIDS Study Section (BSPH)
Program Officer
Gordon, Christopher M
Project Start
2013-04-01
Project End
2018-03-31
Budget Start
2016-04-01
Budget End
2017-03-31
Support Year
4
Fiscal Year
2016
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
University of California San Francisco
Department
Surgery
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
094878337
City
San Francisco
State
CA
Country
United States
Zip Code
94118
Patel, Rena C; Leddy, Anna M; Odoyo, Josephine et al. (2018) What motivates serodiscordant couples to prevent HIV transmission within their relationships: findings from a PrEP implementation study in Kenya. Cult Health Sex 20:625-639
Brown, Joelle; Njoroge, Betty; Akama, Eliud et al. (2016) A Novel Safer Conception Counseling Toolkit for the Prevention of HIV: A Mixed-Methods Evaluation in Kisumu, Kenya. AIDS Educ Prev 28:524-538
Brown, Joelle M; Poirot, Eugenie; Hess, Kristen L et al. (2016) Motivations for Intravaginal Product Use among a Cohort of Women in Los Angeles. PLoS One 11:e0151378
Patel, Rena C; Stanford-Moore, Gaelen; Odoyo, Josephine et al. (2016) ""Since both of us are using antiretrovirals, we have been supportive to each other"": facilitators and barriers of pre-exposure prophylaxis use in heterosexual HIV serodiscordant couples in Kisumu, Kenya. J Int AIDS Soc 19:21134
Zafer, Maryam; Horvath, Hacsi; Mmeje, Okeoma et al. (2016) Effectiveness of semen washing to prevent human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission and assist pregnancy in HIV-discordant couples: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Fertil Steril 105:645-655.e2
Patel, Rena C; Odoyo, Josephine; Anand, Keerthana et al. (2016) Facilitators and Barriers of Antiretroviral Therapy Initiation among HIV Discordant Couples in Kenya: Qualitative Insights from a Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis Implementation Study. PLoS One 11:e0168057
Mmeje, Okeoma; Njoroge, Betty; Akama, Eliud et al. (2016) Perspectives of healthcare providers and HIV-affected individuals and couples during the development of a Safer Conception Counseling Toolkit in Kenya: stigma, fears, and recommendations for the delivery of services. AIDS Care 28:750-7
Breitnauer, Brooke T; Mmeje, Okeoma; Njoroge, Betty et al. (2015) Community perceptions of childbearing and use of safer conception strategies among HIV-discordant couples in Kisumu, Kenya. J Int AIDS Soc 18:19972
Brown, Joelle; Baisley, Kathy; Kavishe, Bazil et al. (2014) Impact of malaria and helminth infections on immunogenicity of the human papillomavirus-16/18 AS04-adjuvanted vaccine in Tanzania. Vaccine 32:611-7