My research concerns the mechanisms by which nuclear receptors, specifically the liver X receptor (LXR), balance metabolic and inflammatory responses during the course of chronic liver injury. All forms of chronic liver disease (e.g. fatty liver, viral hepatitis, alcoholism) lead to a stereotyped wound healing response-fibrosis-that is mediated by a sub-population of liver cells known as hepatic stellate cells. These cells store 80% of the body's supply of retinoids (Vitamin A and its metabolites) but the function of retinoids in stellate cells is largely unknown. To this end, I have spent the last two years of my PhD training program with Dr. Peter Tontonoz at UCLA studying the role of cholesterol and fatty acid metabolism in hepatic stellate cells. We have discovered that global deletion of LXRs renders mice susceptible to liver fibrosis in at least two forms of liver injury. Furthermore, stellate cells from LXR null mice have a diminished pool of retinoids that correlates with a pro-inflammatory, pro-fibrotic phenotype. This suggests that cholesterol and fatty acid metabolism are important for maintaining hepatic stellate cells in a quiescent state.
In Aim 1 of this proposal, we will determine the relative contribution that stellate cells make to the susceptibility of LXR null animals to develop fibrosis.
Aim 2 tests the hypothesis that anti-inflammatory properties of LXRs help maintain stellate cells in a quiescent state.
This aim will also test whether LXRs regulate stellate cell proliferation.
Aim 3 tests the role of LXRs in the storage of vitamin A in stellate cells and the crosstalk between cholesterol, fatty acids, and retinoid metabolism. The results of these studies will define the importance of LXRs for normal stellate cell function and response to chronic liver injury. The additional training and expertise I will acquire and the data generated in the 5-year award period is expected to open up new avenues for research in stellate cell biology. It will also provide sufficient publications and data to establish myself as an independent investigator, capable of competing for R01 level funding from the NIH.

Public Health Relevance

The research proposed here is designed to understand the relevance of metabolism to the development of liver scarring (fibrosis) that occurs in common, chronic diseases (e.g. fatty liver and diabetes, alcoholism, and viral hepatitis B and C). We are studying the body's natural cholesterol sensor, the liver X receptor (LXR), to see how it affects the activity of the specific cell in the liver that causes liver scarring to occur. This research is relevant to public health because it has the potential to identify novel targets for treating multiple types of liver diseases for which there are currently no good medical therapies.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK)
Type
Clinical Investigator Award (CIA) (K08)
Project #
5K08DK088998-04
Application #
8484398
Study Section
Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases B Subcommittee (DDK)
Program Officer
Podskalny, Judith M,
Project Start
2010-07-01
Project End
2015-06-30
Budget Start
2013-07-01
Budget End
2014-06-30
Support Year
4
Fiscal Year
2013
Total Cost
$142,764
Indirect Cost
$10,575
Name
University of California Los Angeles
Department
Internal Medicine/Medicine
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
092530369
City
Los Angeles
State
CA
Country
United States
Zip Code
90095
Ribas, Vicent; Drew, Brian G; Zhou, Zhenqi et al. (2016) Skeletal muscle action of estrogen receptor ? is critical for the maintenance of mitochondrial function and metabolic homeostasis in females. Sci Transl Med 8:334ra54
Tuominen, Iina; Beaven, Simon W (2015) Intestinal farnesoid X receptor puts a fresh coat of wax on fatty liver. Hepatology 62:646-8
O'Mahony, Fiona; Wroblewski, Kevin; O'Byrne, Sheila M et al. (2015) Liver X receptors balance lipid stores in hepatic stellate cells through Rab18, a retinoid responsive lipid droplet protein. Hepatology 62:615-26
Beaven, Simon W (2014) La mort de la lipogenèse: RNF20 lashes ubiquitin to SREBP-1c. Hepatology 60:776-8
Hong, Cynthia; Kidani, Yoko; A-Gonzalez, Noelia et al. (2012) Coordinate regulation of neutrophil homeostasis by liver X receptors in mice. J Clin Invest 122:337-47
Beaven, Simon W; Wroblewski, Kevin; Wang, Jiaohong et al. (2011) Liver X receptor signaling is a determinant of stellate cell activation and susceptibility to fibrotic liver disease. Gastroenterology 140:1052-62
Dean, Jason T; Tran, Linh; Beaven, Simon et al. (2009) Resistance to diet-induced obesity in mice with synthetic glyoxylate shunt. Cell Metab 9:525-36