In order to provide insight into how the oxidative DNA glycosylases may malfunction and thus lead to genome instability and cause cancer, we propose to use structural, biochemical and biological approaches to elucidate how these enzymes perform the first step In base excision repair. The long-term goal of this project is to not only provide fundamental insights into the mechanisms underpinning carcinogenesis but also to inform the human germ line SNP databases and allow us to predict with greater accuracy which SNP may lead to an increased risk of cancer. Moreover, understanding how variants In human tumors may affect function will inform prognosis and cancer treatment. The specific alms are as follows:
Aim 1, A- To solve the crystal structures of the human members of the Fpg/Nei family NEIL1, NEIL2, and NEIL3, or close orthologs such as the mimivirus Nei proteins in complex with their DNA substrates. Towards this goal we have already obtained complexes of Mimivirus Neil with thymine glycol and spiroiminodihydantoin, which are the first examples of any Nei enzyme in complex with an oxidative DNA lesion. B- Once the structures are determined with substrate in the binding pocket, site directed mutants will be constructed for further biochemical analyses. C- To test the hypothesis that the NEILI, 2 and 3 variants Identified In Project 1 and Core A contribute to carcinogenesis by determining the biochemical characteristics of these variants such as substrate specificity and DNA binding properties and, where Indicated, their crystal structures.
Aim 2. A- To solve the crystal structures of human members of the Nth superfamily or close orthologs in complex with their DNA substrates. Of note Is that no one has yet been able to crystallize hNTHI. B- To examine a select group of hNTHI germ line variants identified in Project 1 and Core A and through biochemical and structural analysis determine which variants may have potentially deleterious consequences. Structure/function studies from Project 2 will Inform the biological studies in Project 1 and provide insight into the interactions of glycosylases with nucleosomes In Project 4, Purified proteins and rapid enzyme analysis will be provided by Core B. Core A will help design and analyze enzyme kinetics experiments.

Public Health Relevance

These studies will advance our understanding of how DNA repair variants contribute to individual cancer risk and how they drive carcinogenesis. Moreover, the oxidative DNA glycosylases may be exploited as targets for increasing therapeutic efficacy.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Cancer Institute (NCI)
Type
Research Program Projects (P01)
Project #
5P01CA098993-10
Application #
8725059
Study Section
Special Emphasis Panel (ZCA1)
Project Start
Project End
Budget Start
2014-09-01
Budget End
2015-08-31
Support Year
10
Fiscal Year
2014
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
University of Vermont & St Agric College
Department
Type
DUNS #
City
Burlington
State
VT
Country
United States
Zip Code
05405
Maher, R L; Marsden, C G; Averill, A M et al. (2017) Human cells contain a factor that facilitates the DNA glycosylase-mediated excision of oxidized bases from occluded sites in nucleosomes. DNA Repair (Amst) 57:91-97
Marsden, Carolyn G; Dragon, Julie A; Wallace, Susan S et al. (2017) Base Excision Repair Variants in Cancer. Methods Enzymol 591:119-157
Galick, Heather A; Marsden, Carolyn G; Kathe, Scott et al. (2017) The NEIL1 G83D germline DNA glycosylase variant induces genomic instability and cellular transformation. Oncotarget 8:85883-85895
Robey-Bond, Susan M; Benson, Meredith A; Barrantes-Reynolds, Ramiro et al. (2017) Probing the activity of NTHL1 orthologs by targeting conserved amino acid residues. DNA Repair (Amst) 53:43-51
Cannan, Wendy J; Rashid, Ishtiaque; Tomkinson, Alan E et al. (2017) The Human Ligase III?-XRCC1 Protein Complex Performs DNA Nick Repair after Transient Unwrapping of Nucleosomal DNA. J Biol Chem 292:5227-5238
Silva, Michelle C; Bryan, Katie E; Morrical, Milagros D et al. (2017) Defects in recombination activity caused by somatic and germline mutations in the multimerization/BRCA2 binding region of human RAD51 protein. DNA Repair (Amst) 60:64-76
Zhou, Jia; Chan, Jany; Lambelé, Marie et al. (2017) NEIL3 Repairs Telomere Damage during S Phase to Secure Chromosome Segregation at Mitosis. Cell Rep 20:2044-2056
Prakash, Aishwarya; Moharana, Kedar; Wallace, Susan S et al. (2017) Destabilization of the PCNA trimer mediated by its interaction with the NEIL1 DNA glycosylase. Nucleic Acids Res 45:2897-2909
Lee, Andrea J; Wallace, Susan S (2017) Hide and seek: How do DNA glycosylases locate oxidatively damaged DNA bases amidst a sea of undamaged bases? Free Radic Biol Med 107:170-178
Cannan, Wendy J; Pederson, David S (2016) Mechanisms and Consequences of Double-Strand DNA Break Formation in Chromatin. J Cell Physiol 231:3-14

Showing the most recent 10 out of 64 publications