3 OVERALL PROGRAM CRITIQUE 3 PROGRAM LEADERSHIP 4 PROGRAM AS AN INTEGRATED EFFORT 5 COLLABORATING INSTITUTIONS 5 PROJECT AND CORE SUMMARIES OF DISCUSSION 5 PROTECTION OF HUMAN SUBJECTS 7 VERTEBRATE ANIMALS 8 ADDITIONAL REVIEW CONSIDERATIONS 8 PROJECT 1: NLR in Host Response to Gamma-Herpesviruses 9 PROJECT 2: Regulators of Innate Immune Responses to Gamma-herpesviruses 17 PROJECT 3: Role of Non-Coding RNAs in Regulating Gamma-Herpesvirus-Host-Interactions 26 PROJECT 4: In Vivo Interactions Between a Gamma-Herpesvirus and Innate Immune Responses 34 CORE A: Administrative Service 43 CORE B: Virology Core 46 COMMITTEE BUDGET RECOMMENDATIONS 50 SPECIAL EMPHASIS PANEL ROSTER DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Through co-evolution with hosts, herpesviruses have acquired strategies to exploit their hosts, allowing their own life-long persistence while intermittently being secreted and transmitted to naive hosts. By evading host defense mechanisms, herpesviruses can persist in hosts and cause various diseases. Members of the gamma-herpesvirus subfamily (Epsetin-Barr virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesviruses and gamma herpesvirus-68) are distinct in their ability to establish latent infections in lymphocytes and cause benign or malignant tumors in infected hosts. It remains elusive how gamma-herpesviruses evade host innate immunity during their acute and persistent infections. Understanding the mechanisms of viral evasion mechanism is essential for developing approaches to prevent or control the virus associated cancers. Innate immunity is not only the first line of defense against pathogens, but is also critical for stimulating adaptive immune responses. The objective is to understand the mechanisms by which cells mount innate defense responses and tumor-associated-herpesviruses thwart components of the defense mechanisms, to establish a foundation for rational design of vaccine candidates that can elicit effective immune responses and reduce associated cancer incidence. There are four projects: 1) Interactions of gamma-herpesviruses with NLRs (Cart Ware);2) Regulators of innate immune responses to gamma-herpesvirus infection (Sumit Chanda);3) Role of microRNAs in regulating host interactions (Tariq Rana);4) Restoring immune responses to gamma-herpesviruses (Ren Sun);coordinated by an Administrative Core (Ren Sun) and facilitated by a Virology Technical Service Core (Ting-Ting Wu). A team of investigators with diverse and complementing expertise has been working together and obtained critical preliminary data as the foundation for the Program. The understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the interactions between virus-host innate defenses will be utilized to develop a new vaccine strategy. This translational research program will provide critical information for vaccine development to prevent cancers associated with gamma-herpesviruses.

Public Health Relevance

At least ~200,000 new cases of EBV-associated malignances occur annually and similar numbers of Kaposi's sarcoma cases are reported each year worldwide. Vaccines are the most effective and affordable approach to these cancers, especially in resource-limited areas. This Program is to dissect the viral immune evasion mechanism to rationally design vaccine.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Cancer Institute (NCI)
Type
Research Program Projects (P01)
Project #
1P01CA177322-01A1
Application #
8659738
Study Section
Special Emphasis Panel (ZCA1-RPRB-J (O1))
Program Officer
Read-Connole, Elizabeth Lee
Project Start
2014-09-19
Project End
2019-08-31
Budget Start
2014-09-19
Budget End
2015-08-31
Support Year
1
Fiscal Year
2014
Total Cost
$1,732,435
Indirect Cost
$194,888
Name
University of California Los Angeles
Department
Pharmacology
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
092530369
City
Los Angeles
State
CA
Country
United States
Zip Code
90095
Yau, Edwin H; Rana, Tariq M (2018) Next-Generation Sequencing of Genome-Wide CRISPR Screens. Methods Mol Biol 1712:203-216
Gong, Danyang; Zhang, Tian-Hao; Zhao, Dawei et al. (2018) High-Throughput Fitness Profiling of Zika Virus E Protein Reveals Different Roles for Glycosylation during Infection of Mammalian and Mosquito Cells. iScience 1:97-111
Jain, Prashant; Boso, Guney; Langer, Simon et al. (2018) Large-Scale Arrayed Analysis of Protein Degradation Reveals Cellular Targets for HIV-1 Vpu. Cell Rep 22:2493-2503
Dai, Xinghong; Gong, Danyang; Lim, Hanyoung et al. (2018) Structure and mutagenesis reveal essential capsid protein interactions for KSHV replication. Nature 553:521-525
Du, Yushen; Xin, Li; Shi, Yuan et al. (2018) Genome-wide identification of interferon-sensitive mutations enables influenza vaccine design. Science 359:290-296
Gong, Danyang; Dai, Xinghong; Xiao, Yuchen et al. (2017) Virus-Like Vesicles of Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus Activate Lytic Replication by Triggering Differentiation Signaling. J Virol 91:
Yau, Edwin H; Kummetha, Indrasena Reddy; Lichinchi, Gianluigi et al. (2017) Genome-Wide CRISPR Screen for Essential Cell Growth Mediators in Mutant KRAS Colorectal Cancers. Cancer Res 77:6330-6339
Šedý, John R; Balmert, M Olivia; Ware, Brian C et al. (2017) A herpesvirus entry mediator mutein with selective agonist action for the inhibitory receptor B and T lymphocyte attenuator. J Biol Chem 292:21060-21070
Du, Yushen; Chi, Xiumei; Wang, Chong et al. (2017) Quantifying perinatal transmission of Hepatitis B viral quasispecies by tag linkage deep sequencing. Sci Rep 7:10168
Du, Yushen; Zhang, Tian-Hao; Dai, Lei et al. (2017) Effects of Mutations on Replicative Fitness and Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I Binding Affinity Are Among the Determinants Underlying Cytotoxic-T-Lymphocyte Escape of HIV-1 Gag Epitopes. MBio 8:

Showing the most recent 10 out of 26 publications