(OVERALL) The introduction of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in the mid-1990's has had a dramatic impact on the natural history of HIV infection and HIV-associated nephropathy (HIVAN). While the overall mortality and the incidence of ESRD attributed to HIVAN has decreased, the incidence of all cause ESRD among HIV-infected patients has not changed and remains significantly higher than that observed in the general population. With prolonged survival and aging of the HIV population, non-AIDS complications including kidney disease have emerged as major contributors to morbidity and mortality and continue to disproportionately affect individuals of African origin. The latter can at least partially be explained by the strong association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in APOL1 with idiopathic and HIV-associated FSGS in African- Americans, although the mechanism remains unknown. This Program Project Grant will investigate the long-term consequences of chronic HIV infection on the kidney including contribution to chronic kidney disease, critical host factors that influence that interaction as well as the role the kidney plays as a long-term, potentially latent reservoir for the virus that could drive chronic inflammation. Critical observations made in the prior funding cycle have contributed to the work proposed including the observation that HIV infection accelerates the progression of kidney disease in the setting of diabetes and that HIV completes a virus life cycle in the kidney, induces inflammation and in the kidney and can become latent in a subset of renal tubule epithelial cells. Key Inflammatory pathways induced by HIV have been defined in renal tubule epithelial cells and in podocytes providing insights for possible interventions that will be explored. New preliminary data in the HIV transgenic murine model has demonstrated an interaction between host microbiome and kidney pathogenesis. Through three highly interactive projects (and two linked RO-1s) and four essential cores, with investigators that have a strong track record of collaboration, we will explore the hypothesis that chronic infection with HIV, even under complete viral suppression, has long-term consequences in the kidney, both by promoting CKD (Project 4) and by providing a long-term reservoir for the virus that promotes chronic inflammation (Project 2 and linked RO-1) and that critical host factors influence these consequences including APOL1 variants (linked RO-1) and host microbiome (Project 3). Engineered transformed and primary cells, transgenic murine models and human samples provided by Core C with biopsy histopathology determined by the histopathology Core (B) will be used to explore the hypotheses proposed. An informatics Core (D) will provide critical and innovative analyses of in vitro and in vivo derived data sets. A multi-modality communications and data sharing plan will allow continuous review of data and sharing of experimental approaches and data to move the science forward. This PPG addresses important challenges in HIV and CKD research, including the intersection of HIV and progression of chronic diseases associated with aging, as well as the recognition that cure initiatives require a complete understanding of the implications of HIV in chronic reservoirs.

Public Health Relevance

(OVERALL) The research proposed in this PPG has the potential to significantly impact the health of the aging population of individuals living with HIV, particularly those of African origin who are disproportionally burdened by HIV infection and end-stage renal disease. The work will provide insights into the current spectrum of HIV-related kidney disease, why the risk of chronic kidney disease remains increased in HIV-infected individuals on anti- retroviral therapy and strategies that might clear the virus from the kidney as the field moves to functional or actual cures.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK)
Type
Research Program Projects (P01)
Project #
2P01DK056492-17A1
Application #
9204207
Study Section
Special Emphasis Panel (ZDK1-GRB-1 (M6)P)
Program Officer
Rankin, Tracy L
Project Start
1999-09-15
Project End
2022-04-30
Budget Start
2017-05-15
Budget End
2018-04-30
Support Year
17
Fiscal Year
2017
Total Cost
$1,832,641
Indirect Cost
$183,376
Name
Baylor College of Medicine
Department
Internal Medicine/Medicine
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
051113330
City
Houston
State
TX
Country
United States
Zip Code
77030
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Swanepoel, Charles R; Atta, Mohamed G; D'Agati, Vivette D et al. (2018) Kidney disease in the setting of HIV infection: conclusions from a Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) Controversies Conference. Kidney Int 93:545-559
Zhong, Fang; Chen, Zhaohong; Zhang, Liwen et al. (2018) Tyro3 is a podocyte protective factor in glomerular disease. JCI Insight 3:
Palau, Laura; Menez, Steven; Rodriguez-Sanchez, Javier et al. (2018) HIV-associated nephropathy: links, risks and management. HIV AIDS (Auckl) 10:73-81
Zhong, Fang; Chen, Haibing; Xie, Yifan et al. (2018) Protein S Protects against Podocyte Injury in Diabetic Nephropathy. J Am Soc Nephrol 29:1397-1410
Hong, Quan; Zhang, Lu; Das, Bhaskar et al. (2018) Increased podocyte Sirtuin-1 function attenuates diabetic kidney injury. Kidney Int 93:1330-1343
Fu, Jia; Wei, Chengguo; Zhang, Weijia et al. (2018) Gene expression profiles of glomerular endothelial cells support their role in the glomerulopathy of diabetic mice. Kidney Int 94:326-345
Wei, Chengguo; Li, Li; Menon, Madhav C et al. (2017) Genomic Analysis of Kidney Allograft Injury Identifies Hematopoietic Cell Kinase as a Key Driver of Renal Fibrosis. J Am Soc Nephrol 28:1385-1393
He, Li; Fan, Ying; Xiao, Wenzhen et al. (2017) Febuxostat attenuates ER stress mediated kidney injury in a rat model of hyperuricemic nephropathy. Oncotarget 8:111295-111308
Koech, M K; Owiti, M O G; Owino-Ong'or, W D et al. (2017) Absence of HIV-Associated Nephropathy Among Antiretroviral Naive Adults With Persistent Albuminuria in Western Kenya. Kidney Int Rep 2:159-164

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