In the past decade, several groups, including our own, have shown the importance of immune cell subsets on atherogenesis in mice, but we are just beginning to discover how immune cells are metabolically and transcriptionally changed during atherogenesis in humans. This PPG will focus on human cardiovascular disease, and will test the hypothesis that lipoproteins with their lipid and protein components trigger innate and adaptive immune responses that impact atherosclerosis. We will study functional changes in immune cells and the immune cell cross-talk that occurs during atherosclerosis progression in humans using the well- characterized NHLBI-sponsored longitudinal clinical cohort, Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA), and our UVA Cardiovascular Cohort. We will study subjects who have low versus high cardiovascular risk based on their coronary artery calcium (CAC) Agatston scores. CAC Agatston scores have high positive predictive values for cardiovascular disease (CAD) events, and Agatston scores (above 300) are strong predictors of future CAD events. We will study subjects with CAC Agatston scores >300 as high risk, and we have carefully matched controls by age and gender with Agatston scores of zero as low risk. In this synergistic program, Project 1 Monocyte Subsets & Immunity in Mouse and Human Atherosclerosis, will study how monocyte subsets respond to oxidized LDL to impact cardiovascular disease. Project 2 Cholesterol Regulation of Inflammatory Macrophages in Atherosclerosis, will investigate how cholesterol modulates macrophage polarization in atherosclerosis. Project 3 B Cell Subsets in Mouse and Human Atherosclerosis, will study how specific chemokine receptors promote B cell subset migration and atheroprotection. Project 4 ApoB-Specific CD4 T cells in Mouse and Human Atherosclerosis, will test the hypothesis that apoB-specific CD4 T cells are atheroprotective by producing IL-10, but fail later in disease. An important synergistic aspect to our PPG is that B cells, T cells, monocytes and macrophages communicate with each other in the artery wall and lymphoid tissues, and each project studies one of these immune cell subsets, so there are many project interactions. Unique aspects of our program are the strong focus on studying human immune cells, the use of CyTOF mass cytometry and RNA-Seq as innovative methodologies used to study these cells, the measurement of plasma immunoglobulins using ELISA-based assays developed in our group and currently used in multiple clinical trials, and our ability to link all of our group's discoveries with a 15-year extensive MESA clinical database to understand how immune cells change to contribute to CAC progression and cardiovascular disease. The end goal of our studies is to identify novel therapeutic strategies targeting immune cell function to limit cardiovascular disease.

Public Health Relevance

Cardiovascular disease remains a leading cause of death world-wide. Immune cells (B cells, T cells, monocytes, and macrophages) are key protective cells in blood vessels. But, during atherosclerosis development, these cells phenotypically and functionally change to become pro- atherogenic. The goal of our Program is to focus on how immune cells change in human atherosclerosis by studying these cells in blood of human subjects in a large clinical cohort who have high cardiovascular risk. The end goal of our studies is to identify novel therapeutic strategies targeting immune cell function to limit cardiovascular disease.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)
Type
Research Program Projects (P01)
Project #
5P01HL136275-02
Application #
9514231
Study Section
Heart, Lung, and Blood Initial Review Group (HLBP)
Program Officer
Chen, Jue
Project Start
2017-08-01
Project End
2022-05-31
Budget Start
2018-06-01
Budget End
2019-05-31
Support Year
2
Fiscal Year
2018
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
La Jolla Institute
Department
Type
DUNS #
603880287
City
La Jolla
State
CA
Country
United States
Zip Code
92037
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Senders, Max L; Que, Xuchu; Cho, Young Seok et al. (2018) PET/MR Imaging of Malondialdehyde-Acetaldehyde Epitopes With a Human Antibody Detects Clinically Relevant Atherothrombosis. J Am Coll Cardiol 71:321-335
Prohaska, Thomas A; Que, Xuchu; Diehl, Cody J et al. (2018) Massively Parallel Sequencing of Peritoneal and Splenic B Cell Repertoires Highlights Unique Properties of B-1 Cell Antibodies. J Immunol 200:1702-1717
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Woller, Sarah A; Choi, Soo-Ho; An, Eun Jung et al. (2018) Inhibition of Neuroinflammation by AIBP: Spinal Effects upon Facilitated Pain States. Cell Rep 23:2667-2677
Tsimikas, Sotirios (2018) In search of a physiological function of lipoprotein(a): causality of elevated Lp(a) levels and reduced incidence of type 2 diabetes. J Lipid Res 59:741-744
Choi, Soo-Ho; Wallace, Aaron M; Schneider, Dina A et al. (2018) AIBP augments cholesterol efflux from alveolar macrophages to surfactant and reduces acute lung inflammation. JCI Insight 3:

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