To understand the effect of environmental exposures on people and the resulting potential health effects, rapid, accurate methods to measure exposures are needed. An immunoassay is a simple and sensitive measurement method that uses antibodies as detectors. This project makes, improves and uses immunoassays for chemicals that have potential for widespread exposure and a potential impact on human health with the goal preventing or minimizing exposures. Using concepts pioneered in this group, mimics of the compound are chemically or biologically synthesized. The mimics are used to raise antibodies that are specific for the environmental compound. The mimics and antibodies are formatted into assays that are analytically well characterized. The assays are then applied to various studies of human or environmental exposure. Among environmental contaminants to be addressed by this project are the insecticides, permethrin, fipronil and chlorantraniliprole. In addition to toxicity to non target organisms such as fish and aquatic invertebrates, these insecticides are used in agricultural settings, at home, as well as by pest control operators. Exposure to the general population is likely. Assays are also proposed for the brominated flame retardants, polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) and tetrabromobisphenol A and, newly emerging environmental contaminants, the antimicrobial compounds triclosan and triclocarban. PBDEs appear in the environment through waste disposal of electronics and furniture while antimicrobial compounds are resistant to sewage treatment. To assess human exposure, assays to the human metabolites of these compounds are also proposed. Novel magneticluminescent labels for simultaneous measurement of multiple compounds will be developed to speed throughput. A technique called phage display will be use to make mimics of key assay reagents in order to make assays more selective.
As a result of this project more rapid, sensitive and ultimately more portable analytical methods will be available. Such tools allow researchers to gather more comprehensive information on the relationship of human exposure to environmental contaminants.
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