Enter the text here that is the new abstract information for your application. This section must be no longer than 30 lines of text. Does living in a distressed neighborhood affect the health and long-term well-being of low-income adults? A large observational (non-experimental) literature in the social and medical sciences suggests the answer is yes. However, a more qualified answer comes out of our own research team's analysis of data from a unique randomized neighborhood mobility experiment known as Moving to Opportunity (MTO). The MTO demonstration used a randomized lottery to offer some public housing residents but not others the chance to relocate to less disadvantaged neighborhoods using a rental housing subsidy. MTO experimentally generated large differences in neighborhood characteristics for otherwise comparable groups of low-income, is proportionately minority families. From 2008-10, in-person survey data and biomarkers were collected by our team from 3,215 female adults in MTO. Our findings to date (published in New England Journal of Medicine and Science) show neighborhood environments do have important effects on health and well-being, but, contrary to previous research, not on adult self-sufficiency. While the MTO findings have received a great deal of scientific and media attention, their impact has been complicated by lingering methodological questions, as well as uncertainty about how to reconcile the findings of MTO with previous studies. We request support here to use the long-term MTO data to explore these methodological issues and: 1. Determine whether differences between MTO and previous observational studies can be explained by selection-biases with the latter, and the conditions under which non-experimental approaches can produce unbiased estimates. 2. Explore the role of interference in MTO as an explanation for differences in results with previous studies, by exploiting data on exact baseline addresses. 3. Examine whether differences across studies in findings can result from differences in neighborhood change """"""""treatment dose,"""""""" by testing whether neighborhood effects on adult outcomes are linear or non-linear with respect to specific neighborhood conditions using an instrumental variables approach. 4. Examine if there is important heterogeneity in neighborhood effects on adult self-sufficiency, health, and well-being by the characteristics of MTO individuals or their families.

Public Health Relevance

This project draws on biomarker and survey data on health and other outcomes from a unique housing experiment known as Moving to Opportunity (MTO). Findings from MTO suggest that neighborhoods may have important effects on selected health outcomes such as extreme obesity and diabetes, but (unlike in the previous non-experimental literature) not on adult economic self- sufficiency. This project requests support to explore several important methodological questions about both the MTO experiment and non-experimental approaches to estimating neighborhood effects in an attempt to reconcile the two literatures.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute on Aging (NIA)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
2R01AG031259-05
Application #
8579241
Study Section
Special Emphasis Panel (SSPA)
Program Officer
Phillips, John
Project Start
2007-12-01
Project End
2015-05-31
Budget Start
2013-09-15
Budget End
2014-05-31
Support Year
5
Fiscal Year
2013
Total Cost
$539,657
Indirect Cost
$164,702
Name
National Bureau of Economic Research
Department
Type
DUNS #
054552435
City
Cambridge
State
MA
Country
United States
Zip Code
02138
Chetty, Raj; Hendren, Nathaniel; Katz, Lawrence F (2016) The Effects of Exposure to Better Neighborhoods on Children: New Evidence from the Moving to Opportunity Experiment. Am Econ Rev 106:855-902
Rickford, John R; Duncan, Greg J; Gennetian, Lisa A et al. (2015) Neighborhood effects on use of African-American Vernacular English. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 112:11817-22
Kessler, Ronald C; Duncan, Greg J; Gennetian, Lisa A et al. (2014) Associations of housing mobility interventions for children in high-poverty neighborhoods with subsequent mental disorders during adolescence. JAMA 311:937-48
Sciandra, Matthew; Sanbonmatsu, Lisa; Duncan, Greg J et al. (2013) Long-term effects of the Moving to Opportunity residential mobility experiment on crime and delinquency. J Exp Criminol 9:
Ludwig, Jens; Duncan, Greg J; Gennetian, Lisa A et al. (2012) Neighborhood effects on the long-term well-being of low-income adults. Science 337:1505-10
Ludwig, Jens; Sanbonmatsu, Lisa; Gennetian, Lisa et al. (2011) Neighborhoods, obesity, and diabetes--a randomized social experiment. N Engl J Med 365:1509-19
Heckman, James J; Todd, Petra E (2009) A Note on Adapting Propensity Score Matching and Selection Models to Choice Based Samples. Econom J 12:S230-S234