APOE genotype is by orders of magnitude the strongest genetic risk factor for late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD). The ?4 allele increases risk of AD by ~ 3.7 fold and 2 copies ~ 12 fold; the ?2 allele decreases risk by ~ 50%. Evidence strongly suggests that a major reason underlying these effects is related to the ability of the apoE protein to interact with the amyloid- (A) peptide and in an isoform-dependent fashion influence A clearance and aggregation. ApoE may also influence brain function and dysfunction via additional mechanisms such as influencing synaptic/network activity and lipid metabolism. It is not yet clear how to target apoE biology to develop therapeutic strategies. Our preliminary data suggest the hypothesis that apoE4, when present in the brain interstitial fluid (ISF), reduces A clearance and enhances A oligomerization/fibrillization, as well as synaptic damage. Increasing apoE2, E3, and E4 via gene delivery methods decreases, is neutral, or increases A aggregation and its associated toxicity. Decreasing the amount of toxic apoE/A complexes might serve as a therapeutic approach. In fact, our preliminary data utilizing monoclonal antibodies to apoE shows strong effects of decreasing A pathology and improving brain network function possibly via microglial-mediated clearance of A aggregates. We hypothesize that 1) decreasing A aggregation and toxicity may be possible by increasing apoE2 levels in the ISF of the brain; 2) targeting apoE/A aggregates with anti-apoE antibodies may serve as a potential therapeutic approach; and 3) that apoE in the ISF and at the synapse may play important non-A related functions, which will be critical to understand in the context of any therapeutics based on an apoE mechanism.
The specific aims are: 1) To determine whether altering apoE isoform level in specific compartments in the brain influences A pathology and associated A-dependent brain dysfunction in an isoform-specific and A-dependent manner. 2) To explore the effects of anti-apoE antibodies and their mechanism of action in human APP transgenic (Tg) mice expressing human apoE isoforms. 3) To explore potential effects of apoE isoforms on synaptic structure/network function in human apoE knockin mice, wild-type, and apoE knockout mice +/- A.

Public Health Relevance

Alzheimer's disease is a major public health problem with no treatments that delay, slow, or prevent the disease. In this application, we are determining if we can target the major genetic risk factor for Alzheimer's disease, APOE, to enable new approaches to develop novel treatments.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute on Aging (NIA)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01AG047644-03
Application #
9060227
Study Section
Cell Death in Neurodegeneration Study Section (CDIN)
Program Officer
Refolo, Lorenzo
Project Start
2014-08-15
Project End
2019-04-30
Budget Start
2016-05-01
Budget End
2017-04-30
Support Year
3
Fiscal Year
2016
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
Washington University
Department
Neurology
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
068552207
City
Saint Louis
State
MO
Country
United States
Zip Code
63130
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Huynh, Tien-Phat V; Liao, Fan; Francis, Caroline M et al. (2017) Age-Dependent Effects of apoE Reduction Using Antisense Oligonucleotides in a Model of ?-amyloidosis. Neuron 96:1013-1023.e4
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Wang, Yaming; Ulland, Tyler K; Ulrich, Jason D et al. (2016) TREM2-mediated early microglial response limits diffusion and toxicity of amyloid plaques. J Exp Med 213:667-75

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