The filoviruses Ebola (EBOV) virus and Marburg (MARV) virus are responsible for devastating hemorrhagic fever outbreaks. No vaccines or therapies are currently available against these agents. Because of the high morbidity and mortality associated with infection, these zoonotic viruses have been placed on the NIH Biodefense Category A list. A cellular receptor that binds to and mediates filovirus uptake has not been identified. Identification of such a receptor and elucidation of filoviral glycoprotein (GP)/receptor interactions will facilitate the development of antivirals and enhance knowledge of filoviral pathogenesis. This submission is designed to help fill this knowledge gap. We have identified that the surface protein TIM-1 serves as a cellular receptor for filoviruses on epithelial cells. These studies will elucidate the interactions between human and murine TIM-1 and filovirus glycoproteins that are required for binding and virus entry into endothelial cells. Additionally, our studies to date demonstrated that the expression of TIM-1 within the body is poorly understood. In tissue sections, we will identify cells that express TIM-1 hypothesizing that TIM-1 expression is common on many epithelia. Finally, using a tim-1 knock out mouse, we will determine the impact of Tim-1 on EBOV infection and pathogenesis in the mouse model. In total, these studies will pave the way for the development of future antivirals against these deadly viruses.

Public Health Relevance

Outbreaks in Africa of the filoviruses, Ebola virus and Marburg virus, are sporadic and unpredictable with these deadly infections having mortality rates as high as 90% with no current vaccines or antiviral treatments available. Here, we identify that the cellular protein TIM-1 is a receptor for both Ebola and Marburg virus and seek to understand the molecular interactions between TIM-1 and filovirus glycoproteins that lead to virus infection. Further, studies will be performed to understand the role of TIM-1 in Ebola virus pathogenesis for a better understanding of cellular proteins that mediate filovirus binding and entry into cells that will facilitate the development of antiviral therapies potentially curbing transmission and infection.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01AI077519-03
Application #
8260870
Study Section
Virology - B Study Section (VIRB)
Program Officer
Repik, Patricia M
Project Start
2010-05-18
Project End
2015-04-30
Budget Start
2012-05-01
Budget End
2013-04-30
Support Year
3
Fiscal Year
2012
Total Cost
$282,967
Indirect Cost
$93,723
Name
University of Iowa
Department
Microbiology/Immun/Virology
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
062761671
City
Iowa City
State
IA
Country
United States
Zip Code
52242
Brouillette, Rachel B; Phillips, Elisabeth K; Patel, Radhika et al. (2018) TIM-1 Mediates Dystroglycan-Independent Entry of Lassa Virus. J Virol 92:
Brouillette, Rachel B; Phillips, Elisabeth K; Ayithan, Natarajan et al. (2017) Differences in Glycoprotein Complex Receptor Binding Site Accessibility Prompt Poor Cross-Reactivity of Neutralizing Antibodies between Closely Related Arenaviruses. J Virol 91:
Lennemann, Nicholas J; Herbert, Andrew S; Brouillette, Rachel et al. (2017) Vesicular stomatitis virus pseudotyped with Ebola virus glycoprotein serves as a protective, non-infectious vaccine against Ebola virus challenge in mice. J Virol :
Das, Anshuman; Hirai-Yuki, Asuka; González-López, Olga et al. (2017) TIM1 (HAVCR1) Is Not Essential for Cellular Entry of Either Quasi-enveloped or Naked Hepatitis A Virions. MBio 8:
Anantpadma, Manu; Kouznetsova, Jennifer; Wang, Hang et al. (2016) Large-Scale Screening and Identification of Novel Ebola Virus and Marburg Virus Entry Inhibitors. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 60:4471-81
Rhein, Bethany A; Brouillette, Rachel B; Schaack, Grace A et al. (2016) Characterization of Human and Murine T-Cell Immunoglobulin Mucin Domain 4 (TIM-4) IgV Domain Residues Critical for Ebola Virus Entry. J Virol 90:6097-6111
Rhein, Bethany A; Powers, Linda S; Rogers, Kai et al. (2015) Interferon-? Inhibits Ebola Virus Infection. PLoS Pathog 11:e1005263
Rhein, Bethany A; Maury, Wendy J (2015) Ebola virus entry into host cells: identifying therapeutic strategies. Curr Clin Microbiol Rep 2:115-124
Lennemann, Nicholas J; Walkner, Madeline; Berkebile, Abigail R et al. (2015) The Role of Conserved N-Linked Glycans on Ebola Virus Glycoprotein 2. J Infect Dis 212 Suppl 2:S204-9
Leung, Daisy W; Borek, Dominika; Luthra, Priya et al. (2015) An Intrinsically Disordered Peptide from Ebola Virus VP35 Controls Viral RNA Synthesis by Modulating Nucleoprotein-RNA Interactions. Cell Rep 11:376-89

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