The intestinal microbiota is extremely important to human health and development. Over the last decade, there has been a tremendous surge in the number of studies analyzing the gut microbiota; however, there are still relatively few mechanistic studies aimed at understanding basic biological properties of this ecosystem and its members. In recent years, our lab has been studying how predominant gut Bacteroidales members interact with each other in both beneficial and competitive/antagonistic relationships. These studies are essential to understanding how these bacteria become established in the mammalian intestine to form stable health- promoting communities. This proposal is a continuation of our studies of antagonism among these bacteria, specifically studying secreted antimicrobial molecules produced by the gut Bacteroidales. Under the initial project, we made unexpected findings regarding the types of secreted antimicrobial molecules produced, the range of Bacteroidales species that secrete antimicrobial molecules, and the mechanisms of resistance in producing strains. The goal of this renewal project is to understand the breadth of secreted antimicrobial molecules produced by the gut Bacteroidales, their targets and mechanisms of action in sensitive cells, and their importance in mediating competition, invasion and defense in the mammalian gut microbiota.
In Aim 1, we will study a large class of proteins with membrane attack/perforin domains produced by diverse gut Bacteroidales using predictive data to determine which of these molecules have antimicrobial activity and how they target sensitive cells.
In Aim 2, we will study a eukaryotic-like ubiquitin molecule with antimicrobial activity, likely acquired by B. fragilis by inter-kingdom transfer, and determine its target and mechanism of action.
Aim 3 is designed to analyze the breadth of antimicrobial molecules produced by the gut Bacteroidales by studying diverse Bacteroidales species that produce potent secreted antimicrobial molecules of different classes.
In Aim 4, we will use a combination of analyses, including computational modeling, experimental analyses in gnotobiotic mice, and analyses of human metagenomic datasets to understand the ecological relevance of secreted antimicrobial molecules of the gut Bacteroidales and how they contribute to ecosystem invasion, defense, and stability. Currently, we are the only group studying secreted antimicrobial proteins of the gut Bacteroidales and their ecological implications. The comprehensive analyses that will be performed in this proposal are unprecedented in the field and the ecological properties that we uncover will serve as guiding principles that can be applied to numerous human health applications such as restoring a healthy microbiota to dysbiotic patients, and the creation of improved probiotics.

Public Health Relevance

Our intestines are inhabited by a dense microbial community that is essential to our health and well-being, yet we know very little about how the microbial members of this ecosystem interact with each other to form these communities. For this project, we will study secreted antimicrobial molecules produced by the most abundant order of bacteria in our intestines and investigate their relevance in shaping the mammalian gut microbiota. These studies have numerous applications and will help us better understand how to return a healthy and stable intestinal microbiota to people with imbalances in this important microbial community.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
2R01AI093771-05
Application #
9263500
Study Section
Special Emphasis Panel (ZRG1-IDM-R (02)M)
Program Officer
Baqar, Shahida
Project Start
2012-09-01
Project End
2021-08-31
Budget Start
2016-09-26
Budget End
2017-08-31
Support Year
5
Fiscal Year
2016
Total Cost
$444,871
Indirect Cost
$169,136
Name
Brigham and Women's Hospital
Department
Type
DUNS #
030811269
City
Boston
State
MA
Country
United States
Zip Code
02115
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