Cutaneous melanocytes provide the major physiological defense against the damaging effects of ultraviolet radiation (UVR) but they can be transformed to melanoma, the most deadly form of skin cancer. Microphthalmia Transcription Factor (MITF) is the master regulator of melanocyte differentiation and activates the expression of genes important for melanin synthesis and melanocyte function. MITF also regulates aspects of melanoma tumorigenicity. The alpha melanocyte stimulating hormone (1-MSH) promotes melanocyte differentiation and protects cells from UVR induced damage. Importantly, 1-MSH activated gene expression is mediated through a transcriptional mechanism involving MITF. However, transcriptional activation during cellular differentiation and in response to many environmental cues requires epigenetic changes that convert repressive chromatin structure to a transcriptionally permissive conformation. The mechanisms by which MITF activates transcription within repressive chromatin structure are unclear. A better understanding of the epigenetic mechanisms underlying MITF mediated transcriptional activation will allow us to modulate melanin synthesis and other aspects of melanocyte function for design of strategies aimed at preventing and treating skin cancer. SWI/SNF enzymes are multi-subunit complexes that alter chromatin structure in an ATP dependent manner and play important roles in regulating gene expression. Components of the complex are required for stem cell plasticity as well as for differentiation into multiple cell lineages. Our data suggest that SWI/SNF enzymes cooperate with MITF to activate expression of melanocyte specific genes and that MITF is required to prevent SWI/SNF dependent activation of a divergent differentiation pathway. These results raise the hypothesis that 1-MSH-induced melanocyte differentiation mediated through MITF requires SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling enzymes. We will test this hypothesis by (1) elucidating the mechanisms that regulate the recruitment of SWI/SNF enzymes to target promoters, (2) analyzing the requirement for SWI/SNF enzymes in mediating specific chromatin structural changes on a melanocyte specific promoter. (3) Determining the mechanisms by which SWI/SNF mediated chromatin remodeling leads to downstream histone posttranslational modifications that regulate transcription.

Public Health Relevance

Melanocytes are cells that synthesize the pigment melanin and play a critical role in protecting skin against ultraviolet radiation. This proposal will investigate the mechanisms by which melanocyte specific gene expression is regulated. A better understanding of this process will allow us to develop more effective strategies for prevention and treatment of pigmentary disorders and skin cancer.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01AR059379-02
Application #
8146054
Study Section
Special Emphasis Panel (ZRG1-MOSS-C (02))
Program Officer
Tseng, Hung H
Project Start
2010-09-17
Project End
2015-05-31
Budget Start
2011-06-01
Budget End
2012-05-31
Support Year
2
Fiscal Year
2011
Total Cost
$337,107
Indirect Cost
Name
University of Toledo
Department
Biochemistry
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
807418939
City
Toledo
State
OH
Country
United States
Zip Code
43614
Aras, Shweta; Saladi, Srinivas Vinod; Basuroy, Tupa et al. (2018) BAF60A mediates interactions between the microphthalmia-associated transcription factor and the BRG1-containing SWI/SNF complex during melanocyte differentiation. J Cell Physiol :
Mehta, Gaurav; Kumarasamy, Sivarajan; Wu, Jian et al. (2015) MITF interacts with the SWI/SNF subunit, BRG1, to promote GATA4 expression in cardiac hypertrophy. J Mol Cell Cardiol 88:101-10
Mehrotra, Aanchal; Saladi, Srinivas Vinod; Trivedi, Archit R et al. (2014) Modulation of Brahma expression by the mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal regulated kinase pathway is associated with changes in melanoma proliferation. Arch Biochem Biophys 563:125-35
Mehrotra, A; Mehta, G; Aras, S et al. (2014) SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling enzymes in melanocyte differentiation and melanoma. Crit Rev Eukaryot Gene Expr 24:151-61
Saladi, Srinivas V; Wong, Philip G; Trivedi, Archit R et al. (2013) BRG1 promotes survival of UV-irradiated melanoma cells by cooperating with MITF to activate the melanoma inhibitor of apoptosis gene. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 26:377-91
Marathe, Himangi G; Mehta, Gaurav; Zhang, Xiaolu et al. (2013) SWI/SNF enzymes promote SOX10- mediated activation of myelin gene expression. PLoS One 8:e69037
Mehrotra, Aanchal; Joe, Bina; de la Serna, Ivana L (2013) SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling enzymes are associated with cardiac hypertrophy in a genetic rat model of hypertension. J Cell Physiol 228:2337-42
Keenen, B; Qi, H; Saladi, S V et al. (2010) Heterogeneous SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complexes promote expression of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor target genes in melanoma. Oncogene 29:81-92