Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is an aggressive and incurable cancer. The dire prognosis for this most prevalent form of malignant brain tumor is unchanged over 30 years. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) project has genomically surveyed several hundred human GBM samples and identified a small spectrum of genes that are frequently somatically mutated and include the tumor suppressors NF1, p53 and Pten. We have generated and studied mouse models that spontaneously form classic GBM with 100% incidence. The models are based on somatic mutation of NF1, p53, and Pten. The full penetrance of these tumors has allowed us to probe early pre-tumorigenic events and to identify the adult neural stem cell (NSC) niche as the prevalent source of these tumors. In the previous funding period, we exploited these models to demonstrate a stem cell origin of these tumors and exclude differentiated brain cells as a source. We probed transcriptional profiles to identify glioma-specific upregulation of HoxA genes and examined their function. We developed tools to directly test and demonstrate in vivo the existence of a hierarchical population of cancer stem cells (CSCs) by direct lineage tracing in spontaneous gliomas without resorting to ex vivo transplantation and/or culturing. We unveiled a novel GBM that arises from a different cell of origin. Finally, we developed a novel model of metastatic medulloblastoma that depends on Dicer mutation and is being developed as a separate research initiative. The present proposal embodies two Specific Aims.
Aim 1, entitled: Cancer stem cells in glioma: identification, isolation and characterization. pursues our recent success in transgenically labeling an endogenous glioma cell population that is responsible for tumor recurrence after chemotherapy. We have devised an advanced NSC- and CSC-specific transgene that will co-express Cre recombinase, eGFP, and human diphtheria toxin receptor. This transgene, when bred into the Nf1;p53;Pten floxed background, will permit more precise identification and study of the relatively quiescent CSC population. It will allow purification for quantitative RNA seq analysis i comparison to the non-CSC tumor population, and to the progenitor NSC population. These studies will provide novel information and insight into these newly discovered CSCs.
Aim 2 will examine whether neural progenitor cells (NPCs) and oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) give rise to distinct forms of glioma and GBM. We provide evidence that NPCs and OPCs can, by mutations in NF1, p53 and Pten, give rise to gliomas. Mutant NPCs give rise to tumors very similar to the tumors arising in the stem cell compartments whereas OPCs generate an independent form of GBM with distinct molecular, and developmental characteristics. We propose to study these novel tumors in depth since, to the pathologist, they belong to a single GBM pool. Our detailed studies of these tumors may inform human tumor analysis and serve to separate these OPC GBMs that may have different properties, including response to therapies. Genomic, functional, and CSC studies will be pursued for these novel brain tumors.

Public Health Relevance

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a lethal brain cancer with poor patient prognosis that has improved little over the last few decades despite intense research and clinical efforts. Genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs) are powerful tools for studying the molecular events underlying the initiation and progression of human cancers, and we have generated GBM models via mutation of tumor suppressor genes frequently found in human GBM. Our GBM mouse models have allowed us to label, follow, and eliminate a particular subset of tumor cells that we believe are responsible for tumor initiation and tumor recurrence following treatment.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Cancer Institute (NCI)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01CA131313-09
Application #
9001312
Study Section
Molecular Oncogenesis Study Section (MONC)
Program Officer
Mietz, Judy
Project Start
2007-12-01
Project End
2019-01-31
Budget Start
2016-02-01
Budget End
2017-01-31
Support Year
9
Fiscal Year
2016
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research
Department
Type
DUNS #
064931884
City
New York
State
NY
Country
United States
Zip Code
10065
Alcantara Llaguno, Sheila R; Parada, Luis F (2016) Cell of origin of glioma: biological and clinical implications. Br J Cancer 115:1445-1450
Alcantara Llaguno, Sheila R; Xie, Xuanhua; Parada, Luis F (2016) Cell of Origin and Cancer Stem Cells in Tumor Suppressor Mouse Models of Glioblastoma. Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol 81:31-36
Alcantara Llaguno, Sheila R; Wang, Zilai; Sun, Daochun et al. (2015) Adult Lineage-Restricted CNS Progenitors Specify Distinct Glioblastoma Subtypes. Cancer Cell 28:429-440
Zong, Hui; Parada, Luis F; Baker, Suzanne J (2015) Cell of origin for malignant gliomas and its implication in therapeutic development. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 7:
Chen, Jian; Li, Yanjiao; Yu, Tzong-Shiue et al. (2012) A restricted cell population propagates glioblastoma growth after chemotherapy. Nature 488:522-6
Chen, Jian; McKay, Renee M; Parada, Luis F (2012) Malignant glioma: lessons from genomics, mouse models, and stem cells. Cell 149:36-47
Lim, Sang Kyun; Llaguno, Sheila R Alcantara; McKay, Renee M et al. (2011) Glioblastoma multiforme: a perspective on recent findings in human cancer and mouse models. BMB Rep 44:158-64
Hambardzumyan, Dolores; Parada, Luis F; Holland, Eric C et al. (2011) Genetic modeling of gliomas in mice: new tools to tackle old problems. Glia 59:1155-68